A History of Digital Dignatures

A History of Digital DignaturesHistory of Digital condenseaturesWhitfield Diffie and in addition Martin Hellman throughout 1976, were the first that explained the idea of an electronic digital unusual structure. It was mend they simply conjectured in these kinds of techniques, and quickly after, Ronald Rivest, Adi Shamir, along with Len Adleman conceived the RSA protocol. This could be utilized to render ancient electronic digital contacts. Ddespite the fact that simply creation a proof-of-concept, the plain RSA signatures ar not secure. The initial extensively advertised package package to provide digital signature had been Lotus. It was introduced throughout 1989, and is unremarkably sedulous by the RSA algorithm.To make RSA unique tips, create an RSA essential set containing the modulus d thats the product of two large primes. Also imagine the integerse as surface as d such that e d = 1 (mod f(n))The actual signers general habitual essential is made of n and alike e , and the signers resolving key is made up of d. For an indication, in that location is a confabulation m, and the sign computes s = md (mod n)To ensure, the receiver checks that s e = m (mod n).While noted before, this kind of basic structure just isnt genuinely protected. In tramp to avoid episodes, unmatched can very first, and past can implement a forward-looking cryptographic haschisch bureau for the communication m. And thusly he can apply the RSA formula depict previously mentioned to the result. This strategy might be established secure deep down so-called arbitrary prediction model.Some former(a) digital camera unique strategies have been quickly created soon after RSA. The primary are Lamport signatures, Merkle signatures (to a fault known as Merkle trees or perhaps Hash trees), and Rabin signatures.Inside 1988, Shafi Goldwasser, Silvio Micali, and Ronald Rivest took everywhere as very first to carefully outline the protection specifications associated with digital trademark strategies. They defined any pecking order regarding outpouring models regarding unique schemes, and excessively found the GMR personal structure, the first that can be which may save perhaps an existential forgery in opposition to a impudent chosen information invasion.The majority of early on personal plans had been of the corresponding type they call for conditions trapdoor replenishment, such as the RSA perform, or perhaps in true with the Rabin personal system, computing rectangular modulo amalgamated n. A trapdoor permutation family is a family group associated with permutations, cross by a parameter, that is simple to live on out inside the forward route, yet is hard in order to figure out inside the invert path with no by now knowing the private essential. Even so, for every parameter there is a trapdoor (exclusive important) that if identified, quickly decrypts what its all intimately. Trapdoor permutations may very well be public-key security te chniques, in which the parameter will be the open public essential and the trapdoor will be the key, and also where encrypting corresponds to computing the particular forrader direction of the permutation, whilst decrypting corresponds for the change direction. Trapdoor combining can even be seen as electronic digital personal schemes, where computing the opposite direction with the total secret key is thought of as signing, and research the actual in front course is performed to verify signatures. Because of this messages, electronic digital signatures are often called located by public-key cryptosystems, in which deciding upon is equivalent to decryption and verification is the corresponding as encrypted shield, however this isnt the only method electronic signatures are usually calculated.Employed immediately, such a unique system is actually at risk of a new key-only existential forgery attack. To make a forgery, the particular attacker choices any haphazard trademark s and uses the validation process to look for the communication m equivalent compared to that signature. Used, neertheless, this sort of unique isnt use right, but alternatively, the material to become signed can be initial hash to generate a short digest thats then closed. This forgery assault next, only generates the actual hash function output signal which refers to s, and not a message that leads for its benefit (which does not cause an attack). at bottom the random oracle model, this specific hash-and-decrypt form of unique is existentially un-forge satisfactory, actually in opposition to a chosen-message assault.There are several top reasons to sign this type of hash (or perhaps message absorb) instead of the entire record. For surgery The trademark will probably be much quicker thereby save time considering that hashing is mostly considerably quicker than putting your signature on in practice. For being compatible Mail messages are ordinarily little bit guitar strings, howev er, many signature strategies run on other areas (including, in the case of RSA, amounts modulo an amalgamated number n). A new hash perform may be used to convert an haphazard feedback into the tolerate file format. With regard to ethics Without the hash operate, the words to end up being signed might have to end up being divided (divided) in prevents sufficiently small for your unique system to do something on them straight. Nonetheless, the particular device in the agreed upon blocks is not able to acknowledge if every one of them is present and in the proper get.ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF digital SIGNATURESThe main benefit thing about public-key cryptogram can be the increase in security, as well as comfort. This is because the private keys never need to be transported or exposed to any person. In a very secret-key technique as comparison, the secrets recommendations should be carried (both physically and through a conversation station), and there might be a possibility t hat the thwarter could find the secret during their transmitting. Another significant benefit from public-key programs is that they provide one way functions with regard to digital signatures. Validation by the way of development secret-key systems requires only the expressing associate of the key. But sometimes it needs interaction of a third party as well. Therefore, a new mailer can be easily repudiated by a previously authenticated concept. This is through proclaiming how the discussed solution ended up being for some reason affected by the events revealing the secrets. As an example, the particular Kerberos secret-key authentication method consists of a new central repository that maintains replicates in the solution recommendations of most consumers. This way an attack on the databases will allow widespread forgery. Public-key authentication, conversely, stops this sort of renunciation every single individual offers single obligation regarding safeguarding his / her individ ual crucial. This particular residence associated with public-key authentication is frequently named non-repudiation. A problem with utilise public-key cryptography pertaining to encryption is actually rate youll find well-liked secret-key encryption techniques which are drastically more quickly as compared to any kind of operational now public-key file encryption strategy. On the other hand, public-key cryptography works super well utilize secret-key cryptography for the greatest involving all possible. For encryption, the very surpass excerption would be to combine public- and secret-key methods to achieve the two security benefits of public-key programs and the hurrying benefits of secret-key systems. Your public-key technique may be used to defend the key which is used to ensure the bulk of personal files or even communication. Such a process is known as digital camera envelope.. Public-key cryptography may be susceptible to impersonation, nevertheless, even though use rs exclusive recommendations usually are not obtainable. A successful invasion with a qualifications specialist enables an antagonist in order to impersonate anyone the particular adversary selects to by using a public-key qualification from your jeopardized expert to situation an integral in the adversarys option to the category of yet another person. In several conditions, public-key cryptography is not required along with secret-key cryptography on its own is risk. This consists of situations where protected secret-key collection may take spot, for example through consumers conference within an individual. It also includes conditions in which a one expert understands and also manages all of the recommendations. As an example, a new closed financial program. Since the management knows everybodys keys already, theres not a lot advantages for it to get public. Furthermore, in public-key cryptography it is normally not involve in single-user surroundings. For instance, if you wan t to keep the data protected, you can do so with any kind of secret-key file encryption algorithm employing, declare, your individual security password because magic formula essential. Generally, public-key cryptography is best suited with an available multi-user natural environment. Public-key cryptography just isnt meant to exchange secret-key cryptography, but instead to be able to dietary supplement the idea, to restore safer. The initial way of using public-key methods ended up being for risk-free crucial exchange, in the other secret-key system, which is nonetheless among its major capabilities. Secret-key cryptography remains vitally important and is also the subject of a lot continuing review as well as investigation. A few secret-key cryptosystems are usually discussed inside the areas about prevent ciphers along with flow ciphers.

Wheelchair Interfaces for Paralyzed Persons

Wheelchair Inter searchs for Paralyzed PersonsNew method suggest some improvements regarding muscles to bait a wheelchair.People with disabilities such as Parkinsons disease, multiple sclerosis or tetraplegia experience problems while using tralatitious wheelchair-integrated joystick due to deformities of their limbs, amputees, trembling or beca character the are paralyzed below the neck. For them, different methods to use wheelchair nonplus been invented. Among them, the most popular are voice command, brain command, centerfield introduce, face tracking and tongue tracking. In this project, the main emphasis is put on user port wines ground on eye-tracking, head gestures and users habits.The eye methods are effective, but distracts patients view. The physiologic coverground of Electro-Oculography is well unders in any cased among different eye assumement look into methods. Therefore, the report regarding this project is chosen to be expound.voice command is too sensit ive for the background noise, but has works quite fast.Tongue tracking is inconvenient, but less than eye tracking.Face tracking is sensitive for hide color, but quite efficient.Brain command is very successful, but surd to adjust.2.1. Eye-computer interfacesThe authors of 1 present an electrooculography (EOG) based wheelchair interface. Beyond simple path guiding, this device has collar other features path re-routing, obstacle sensing and avoidance, and tilt detection. It is also cost(predicate) nothing that the microcontroller is used in the wheelchair establishment instead of a laptop computer.Electrooculography is a bio-medical technique used for eye movements observations. It measures the resting potential of the retina. This potential comes from the fact that eye acts a dipole it has a positive charge on the cornea (the front part of the eye) and a negative charge on the retina (the invoke part of the eye). The measurements are conducted with electrodes apply onto the face skin. More important is the fix of the electrodes which depends on the eye movements. If the patients gaze is in the horizontal direction, the electrodes have to be placed near the lateral raftthi of both eyes. On the other hand, if eye movements are expected to vary in a vertical direction, indeed the electrodes have to be placed above and below the eye.Figure 2.1Electro-Oculography methodIt is featurely interesting that the constructors applied additional ultrasonic sensors into the wheelchair. These sensors, placed on the wheelchair body, send signal to detect obstacle and then receive the reflected wave. This back signal helps the microcontroller to choose the best path.The researchers conventioned the interface in that port that gaze directions similar left, right, forward or back correspond with internationally understood directions like north, west, east and south. No pulse means centre. The microcontroller of so called User Instructions Processor (UIP) encodes u pcoming signals in company storm to in a certain direction or to avoid strike with an obstacle.Finally, the tilt detection algorithm is realized by the gyroscope applied to Drive Control Module. It informs UIP about possible danger associated with breaking condom tilt limit, predefined for wheelchair. In this case, corrective measures is done by the user or the alert to the patients doctor/nurse is sent.2.2. Head communicate RecognitionThis method, described in 2, allows to obtain images of humans head in order to exploit them for certain commands. The equipment used for this application is called Gesture Cam. It is a Smart photographic camera which was modified with embedding a processing unit. This modification allows the device to process images at the high resolution. Moreover, due to this condition, the only mage feature that has to be processed, is the output of the camera.GestureCam is based on Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) which is supposed to process entropy f rom intensifier video faster in real time than a traditional Personal Computer. Firstly, the authors took the video of the user. After that, they used Viola-Jones method in order to detect users faces.Figure 2.2 Viola-Jones method used for detecting nose.Figure 2.3Viola-Jones method used for detecting eyes2.3. Anticipative Shared ControlThe researchers and at the same time the authors of presented a wheelchair navigation interface which enables the user to move from one room to another into an indoor place. The control over this interface is shared between the user and the computer. Therefore, it is called Anticipative Shared Control and the system POMDP (stands for Partially Observable Markov Decision Process).The main impact of the computer is that it uses data based on human habits, visited paths, time of the day etc. On the other hand, user can decide whether he/she wants to choose particular path, suggested by the interface or change settings. The main purpose of these operati ons is to complete users intentions and expectations as full as possible without increasing movement while operating the wheelchair. Tha advantage of that solution is that the wheelchair can take the user for longer trip without requiring more gestures.The authors notice that using interactive interfaces like eye-tracking or Electromyography (EMG) may be tiring for the human.The proposed design of the wheelchair interface is to use make fusion of head gestures and eye-tracking and to add more functions like winking, uncover teeth, raising eyebrows orIn this report mingled wheelchair interfaces were presented. The aim of their design is to improve life of persons who suffer from diseases causing.As far as eye-tracking is considered, galore(postnominal) papers regarding eye-tracking systems were published. Generally, the advantage of eye-tracking over voice command is that eye can send accurate visible signal, for example, by gazing in certain direction.It is worth noting that eye -tracking method, described in , is very reliable. Moreover, it is simple to use in various applications. Because of the straightforward gaze detection, it is very reliable, accurate and, based on forward research, quite economic. The use of microcontroller reduces time of complex calculations, provides enough high take aim of intelligence and unweights the wheelchair because of replacing a laptop computer.The head gesture interface is quite effective and economic. However, it faces different ambiance conditions (such as changes in clearing or various objects in the background) as well as users appearance (face complexion, or glasses).1R. T. Bankar and Dr. S. S. Salankar, Head Gesture Recognition System Using Gesture Cam, in Fifth International Conference on Communication Systems and profits Technologies, Gwalior, India, 2015.2P. Pinheiro, E. Cardozo and C. Pinheiro, Anticipative Shared Control for Robotic Wheelchairs Used by People with Disabilities, in IEEE International Conf erence on Autonomous Robot Systems and Competitions, Vila Real, Portugal, 2015.3T. R. Pingali, S. Dubey, A. Shivaprasad, A. Varshney, S. Ravishankar, G. R. Pingali, N. K. Polisetty, N. Manjunath and Dr. K. V. Padmaja, Eye-Gesture Controlled respectable Wheelchair using Electro-Oculography, in IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), Melbourne, Australia, 2014.

Contemporary Issues In The Hotel Industry Information Technology Essay

coeval military discerns In The Hotel intentness In remainsation Technology EssayA hotel manufacturing too represents the servicing profession. In fact, the hotel is like a market where at that place is demand and supply. It is a place where people stay, eat and visit. However, there atomic number 18 many coetaneous issues that happened in the hotel doings. This is the background why this study is made to find away the problems as wellspring as break in recommendations for further improvement in the hotel industry.Contemporary wall plug 1Salary Gap Between Hotel And diffe tearwise IndustryIn the hotel industry, some organization resisted addressing this in an attempt to decline costs. Founders squander focused on the firms culture in the process of holding the industry creative. This is a method to retain and get workers as well as increasing production. The problem which lies here is the thing doesnt always go the way it is expected. The starting pay is not ve ry high and there ar many options for potential employees to seek for elsewhere. In the hotel industry, there atomic number 18 many opportunities of job in different departments. As an example, the human resourcefulness department, marketing department, food and beverages department and others. There are many other related opportunities in other industry but this is not the reason for employees to leave. These things are considered to be famous benefits in organizations like Google, but the however difference is the greater salary package. This is where it follows the Maslows hierarchy of require. Rewards in monetary is a huge motivator for people nowadays in the early coif of career and they need it to establish themselves in terms of financial ahead commensurate to fit into the role in much(prenominal) an organization.Contemporary Issue 2Lack of Systematic Management SystemFor the hotel industry, this is very super C but if it happens together with other issues, then it must be something that unavoidably to be solved. A clear and understood management system is able to give a coherent objective to all the staffs in the organization. If the structures are made properly, all the initiatives and measurements for staffs laughingstock be meetd following the goals and objectives of the organization. This is pay-related issue as well because it give the gate lead to a climate of fairness receivable to the employees being evaluated using the similar criteria. They participate in the evaluation and are done by their supervisors on an informal basis which can be very subjective as it doesnt servicing to retain employees.Contemporary Issue 3Lack Of Promotion OpportunitiesThere appear to be an issue with the potential for promotion in spite of appearance the company that limits the opportunities for new employees to progress within the company. The employees who joined in the first year the company was established appeared to gull a close relationship amongst themselves and with the constituteers. As a result, these employees hold the headstone executive and management positions within the company. This limits the opportunities for new employees to progress within the company.Contemporary Issue 4Lack or Poor Quality of lucre ConnectionIn the hotel industry, there are many lower air division hotels which dont have the hit convenience for their customers. The meshwork has become such an consequential part of our lives that many cannot imagine life without it. Every day, millions of drug drug users rely on internet to help them navigate through the trillions of websites to locate the website or data they want. Most people who utilize the internet connection in the hotel leave alone basically need the await engine. There are many front engines, but the most popular are Google, Yahoo and MSN wait. Search engines help people locate websites to shop online, to find a destination or to check facts. Academic re look for has been greatly assisted by the internet for it has enabled vast quantities of cultivation to be obtained effortlessly.A search engine can be defined as a website that helps users search for information on the World Wide Web (Battelle, 2005). Search results are normally displayed in a amount of results that are termed hits. The results yield information in the form of web paginates, information, images and other types of files such as Word, Excel, Powerpoint or PDF. Some search engines also mine data provided in open directories or databases. Search engines work when humans enter input which is then processed algorithmically. succession each search engine has its own features and operating system, all beam searches in the following order web crawling, indexing and searching (Vise and Malseed, 2005). instruction about web pages is stored by search engines. Information is then retrieved by a web crawler or spider, which is an automated web web browser that follows every link on th e site (Capron, 2006). Contents of each page are then analyzed to determine how they should be indexed and an index database is created for prox use in queries. A query is the input typed by the user and it can be as simple as a iodin expression. The index is then activated to permit information to be found in the shortest time.When a user enters a query into a search engine, such as key words, the engine examines its index and provides a list that best matches the search criteria. The search engine looks for the words or phrases only as entered. The list contains a short summary of the documents title and mayhap parts of the text. The index created from the information stored with the data and the way in which the information is indexed.How utilitarian a search engine is depends on the relevance of the results it provides. spell some key words may yield millions of results (for instance the word Monday), the key is to provide a list that is most relevant and useful to the use rs needs. Generally, search engines rank results to provide the most relevant first, though they motley from search engine to search engine. This is why Google has a leading brink because users find the results to be most relevant.RecommendationEmployee RemunerationThe hotel industry has to cultivate remuneration policies that improve the staff behavior and also enable the organizations to generalize their objectives. The employment of such a practice is for the hotel industry to achieve war-ridden advantage which can encourage the potential employee behavior for the following reasonsTo enhance employees identification with the organization objectives The hotel industry should keep track on the care of their employees towards the objectives of the business by relating the achievements of objectives to rewards. Such a step will join on the employees commitments while increase the success rate of the organization. The method to do so can be creating an incentive plan which inc ludes annual bonus and profit sharing. Such method will show the employees that they will be rewarded if they give good surgical procedure.To encourage individual team of business unit performance The hotel industry should give a different type of scheme such as sales commission and production piece-rates. The reason is to ensure employees can understand they can earn more than what they are getting in their regular salary.RewardSchuster and Zingheim (1992) emphasized that people are the principle varying in organizational success. The hotel industry should develop process and policies to reward employees found on their contribution, skills and competences. The reward and solution is to improve the employees turnover in the hotel industry. It should have an aligned strategic approach with the industry in congruent with their culture. It is also better to have the policies and processes of reward modified according to the changes in the hotel industry. Employees should be valued according to their contribution, skills and competences. Sometimes, employees must be treated as a family in the organization where they can rack up representations on any world of reward that affects their interest.Branching OutFor the hotel industry to sustain its competitive advantage, it needs to build on its strengths. These include the companys reputation and familiarity for users. Hence, companies in the industry should leverage on its brand name. Branching out are ways in which the company diversifies through its brand name. Another major strength of the hotel industry is the customer relationship management and services provided. They need to constantly spirt new ways of improving the industry and spends billions on learning. This is crucial to ensure that the company stays ahead of the pack. One constant fear is that a rival that is better will emerge.Improve The Search EngineNo industry is perfect and the lack or poor quality of internet connection in the hotel indust ry needs to be solved. For example, the content of searches is arbitrary. The user may not get the information that he is looking for. Also, there is the risk of dead ends. For instance, the user may find the citation to the condition or web page, but cannot nark the full page (Stross, 2008). This may not be entirely the hotel industrys fault, but it can be forestall to users. Furthermore, searches are done by computers and results are obtained mathematically. There is no unspoiled search feature which would enhance the process. The list of search results is based on popularity and not quality. This puts customers at a disadvantage. Finally, Googles search engine is in English. raft who cannot read English (and they number in the billions) cannot use Google and this represents a redness of market share. While Google currently has a language tool that translates text into 35 languages, it may not be of good quality sometimes. If Google could make multilingual versions of its se arch engine the way Wikipedia does for its online encyclopaedia, the company could prevent departure of users to other search engines that cater to their linguistic abilities.Cloud ComputingThe hotel industry should implement slander computing. Cloud computing is a recent development and refers to computing through the internet. Currently, computing is computer based as it relies on hardware and software that are stored on a PC (New York Times, 2008). Therefore, horde computing customers do not own the physical infrastructure and rent it from third party providers. Rental is charged in the manner of utilities or on a subscription basis with few or no direct charges. This represents tremendous cost savings to businesses which no longer need to come up massive capital expenditure on computer infrastructure. The appeal of cloud computing is that data can be accessed anywhere with internet connection. This is in contrast to the current way in which data is stored on a computer hard drive which does not permit mobile users to access data.ConclusionAs a conclusion, there are more than the issues mentioned above that happened in the hotel industry. It is an industry that problems cannot be predicted and also changing from time to time. The hotel operation is the key to success and issues that happened must be successfully solved before able to move one step ahead of others in the industry.

Menu Planning Food Beverage Management Marketing Essay

Menu Planning Food Beverage commission merchandise EssayDevon plc is connect to the hostility sector company. It has more than 25 year experience regarding that field. So they carry on their future activities with not bad(predicate) manner. They always think their future. It consists Demand planning, future forecasting, swot analyzing and future overture planning.In present they accomplish the hospitality presidency which is situated in Torquay. By paying1,800, 000, it consists of 20 double en suite bedrooms, a restaurant which seats sixty, and banqueting suits that may accommodate one snow gusts. It covered the lot of services relating to the restaurant sector. To implementation and carry on this project they draft the business plan and other management write up statement to get really picture about the investment.In here(predicate) it is very essential to do feasibility see in the beginning step. The indus smack trends checklist provides a sample of topics us might want to study as part of our commercialise analysis.The area of selling planning involves beat a plan for a firms marketing activities. A marketing plan can excessively pertain to a specific result, as intumesce as to an organizations overall marketing strategy. Generally speaking, an organizations marketing planning accomplish is derived from its overall business strategy. Thus, when top management is devising the firms strategic focusing or mission, the intended marketing activities are incorporated into this plan. Within the overall strategic marketing plan, the marketing planning process contains the following stagesMarketing sector is very importation to service Provider Company, not only if this company but also all the firms depend on the market structure. If we not well planed the market structure it will badly continue to the future demand and it goodwill also. So Devon analysis current product mix and they turn their product portfolio to restaurant side also.Lean mar keting concepts are applied in work methods, Strong determination optimistic attitude of the majority of the staff, wide-cut distribution net work for sales, Good reputation from in this area, Knowledge Management is in place, Attractive location. sundry(a) kinds of facilities are in this area. Attract best people (new or professionals), pursuant(predicate) good performance on Internal process are the chief(prenominal) strength of Devin plc.Lean marketing concepts must analysis these products because of this is service supplier business, when it is so it highly move with the customer (people).if they do a teeny-weeny mistake it will badly subscribe to an effect on to their reputation.Their deviation through the market analysis and their product portfolio as well .because of if they farm the product to the market with out of analysis market they will be loss in very shortly. Devon Company wishes to acquire the 10% of ingathering rate as their turnover. As well they decide d to the prices for their product by adding 65% of profit to each for the food and beverage. Accommodation can be divided in two separate sectors as luxury and normal. When set 55% profit add to their cost in luxury aim and normal rooms will be added 45% profit to their cost.Devon plc is related to the hostility sector company. In present they accomplish the hospitality establishment which is situated in Torquay. By paying 1,800, 000, it consists of 20 double en-suite bedrooms, a restaurant which seats sixty, and banqueting suits that may accommodate one 100 gusts. It covered the lot of services relating to the restaurant sector. By investing such(prenominal) amount of money to this new restaurant they will wish to have a well performance in their marketing and financial sector. If they fitted to give food and beverage in good quality, they will fitting cover their capital investment with in very near future. If they try to supply more than facility to the customer in every sid e, it also helps to mounting up their reputation. It indirectly increases their profit.

Server Architectures of Existing Presence Services

Server Architectures of Existing battlefront aidIn this section, we describe the system model, and the seem hassle. Formally, we assume the geographically coverd posture bonifaces to take a server to-server track interlock, G = (V,E), where V is the plenty of the Presence Server (PS) nodes, and E is a collection of ordered pairs of V . Each PS node ni V represents a Presence Server and an element of E is a pair (ni,nj) E with ni,nj V . Beca utilization the pair is ordered, (nj,ni) E is not equivalent to (ni,nj) E. So, the moulding (ni,nj) is called an outgoing edge of ni, and an incoming edge of nj. The server overlay enables its PS nodes to communicate with virtuosoness an separate by forwarding messages through other PS nodes in the server overlay. Also, we denote a set of the busy enjoymentrs in a battlefront service as U = u1,,ui,,um, where 1 i m and m is the number of peregrine users. A energetic user ui connects with one PS node for essay other users nominal head tuition, and to notify the other winding users of his/her arrival. Moreover, we define a sidekick count as following. Buddy list, Bi = b1,b2,,bk of user ui U, is defined as a subset of U, where 0 i Bj implies uj Bi.For example, given a diligent user up is in the blood brother list of a mobile user uq, the mobile user uq likewise appear in the crony list of the mobile user up. Note that to simplify the analysis of the Buddy-List Search conundrum, we assume that chum relation is a symmetric. However, in the blueprint of Presence Cloud, the relation of buddies mint be uni afterwardsal because the attend operationof PresenceCloud can retrieve the aim of a mobile user by given the ID of the mobile user.Problem Statement Search ProblemWhen a mobile user ui changes his/her forepart status, the charge service tryes nominal head information of mobile users in buddy list Bi of ai and notifies each of them of the heading of ai and in addition notifies ai o f these online buddies. The Search Problem is then defined as conniving a server architecture of front service such that the cost of searching and notification in communication and storage atomic number 18 taked.1.2 pauperizationBecause of the increasing of the meshing, mobile devices and calumniate computing environments can leave behind front line-enabled applications, i.e., fond net applications/ function, worldwide. Facebook , Twitter, Foursquare, Google Latitude , buddycloud and Mobile Instant pass on (MIM) , are examples of presence-enabled applications that render grown rapidly in the last decade. Social network run are changing the ways in which They exploit the information most the status of participants including their appearances and activities to interact with their friends. The huge availability of mobile devices (e.g., Smartphones) that utilize piano tuner mobile network technologies, tender network go enable participants to fate presence experience s minutely across great distances. For example, Facebook receives more than 75 meg shared items every month and Twitter receives more than 60 one thousand million tweets each day. In the future, mobile devices will become more normal than today, sensing and media capture devices. Hence, we believe it is useful and fond network services will be the next generation of mobile Internet applications.A mobile presence service is an important component of well-disposed network services in cloud computing environments. The key function of a mobile presence service is to maintain an present list of presence information of all mobile users. The presence information includes details about(predicate) a mobile clients or user location, availability, activity, device capability, and their choices. The service must also bind the this clients ID to his/her current presence information, as well as retrieve and subscribe to changes in the presence information of the users friends. In social n etwork services, each mobile user has a friend list, typically called a buddy list, which contains the contact information of other users that he/she wants to communicate with. The mobile users status is cognize automatically to each person on the buddy list whenever he/she moves from one location to the other. For example, when a mobile user logs into a social network application, such as an Instant Messaging system, through his/her mobile device, the mobile presence service searches for and notifies everyone on the users buddy list. To maximize a mobile presence services search speed and minimize the notification time, most presence services use server cluster engine room. Currently, more than 400 million people use social network services on the Internet. Given the growth of social network applications and mobile network capacity, it is expected that the number of mobile presence service users will increase substantially in the near future. Thus, a ascendable mobile presence s ervice is deemed essential for future Internet applications.In the last decade, many Internet services have been deployed in distributed paradigms as well as cloud computing applications. For example, the services essential by Google and Facebook are spread among as many distributed servers as assertable to throw the huge number of users worldwide. Thus, we explore the relationship between distributed presence servers and server network topologies on the Internet, and propose an streamlined and scalable server-to-server overlay architecture called PresenceCloud to improve the scalability of mobile presence services for great(p)-scale social network services.First, we examine the server architectures of breathing presence services, and introduce the search problem in distributed presence architectures in large-scale geographically information centers. The search problem is a scalability problem that occurs when a distributed presence service is overloaded with buddy search mes sages.Then, we discuss the architecture of PresenceCloud, a scalable server-to-server architecture that can be used as a build block for mobile presence services. The rationale behind the architecture of PresenceCloud is to distribute the information of millions of users among thousands of presence servers on the Internet. To avoid single point of failure, no single presence server is supposed to maintain all the information about all users. PresenceCloud arranges presence servers into a quorum-based server-to-server architecture to facilitate efficient searching. It also leverages the server overlay and a directed buddy search algorithm to achieve small constant search latency and employs an ready caching strategy that substantially reduces the number of messages generated by each search for a list of searching process. We analyze the performance of PresenceCloud and two other architectures, a Mesh-based scheme and a Distributed Hash Table based scheme. Through simulations, we al so compare the performance of the three approaches in terms of the number of messages generated and the search satisfaction which we use to denote the search response time and the buddy notification time. The results demonstrate that PresenceCloud achieves major performance gains in terms of trim down the number of messages to reduce network craft without sacrificing search satisfaction. Thus, PresenceCloud can project a large-scale applications distributed among thousands of servers on the Internet.The contribution of this paper is threefold. First, PresenceCloud is among the imporatanta architecture for mobile presence services. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that shown the architecture of presence cloud that significantly best than those based distributed hash tables. PresenceCloud can also be utilized by Internet social network applications and services that conduct to replicate or search for mutable and dynamic data among distributed presence servers. The second contribution is that we analyze the scalability problems of distributed presenceserver architectures, and define a new problem called the buddy-list search problem. Through our mathematical formula, the scalability problem in the distributed server architectures of mobile presence services is analyzed. Finally, we analyze the performance complexity of Presence- Cloud and disparate designs of distributed architectures, and evaluate to prove the applications of PresenceCloud. 1.3 Existing SystemIn this section, we describe the former research on presence services, and look into the presence service of existing systems. Well known commercial Instant Messaging systems has many form of centralized clusters to provide presence services. Jennings III et al. presented a taxonomy of diverse features and functions back up by the three most popular Instant Messaging systems and rube Messenger. The authors also provided an overview of the system architectures and observed that the systems use client-server-based architectures. Skype, a popular part over Internet Protocol application, utilizes the Global Index (GI) technology to provide a presence service for clients and people. Global Index is a multi-tiered network architecture where each node maintains full knowledge of all for sale clients connected to it. Since Skype is not an open protocol, it is difficult to determine how GI technology is used for presence services. Moreover, Xiao et al. analyzed the commerce of MSN and AIM system. They found that the presence information is one of most network traffic in instant messaging systems. In, authors shown that the largest message traffic in existing presence services is buddy NOTIFY messages.1.4 Limitations of Existing SystemThis system allows makes congestion in the network.It is not applicable for large scale network.It increases the search latency.1.5 Proposed SystemRecently, on that point is an increase amount of interest in how to design a peer- to-peer session Initiation Protocol. P2P drink has been developed to remove the the disadvantages of centralized server, reduce costs, and prevent loses overdue to failures in server-based SIP deployment. To maintain presence information, P2PSIP clients are organized in a Distributed Hash Tables system, rather than in a centralized server. However, the presence service architectures of rabbit on and P2PSIP are distributed,the buddy-list search problem we defined later also could relate such distributed systems.It is noted that few papers in discuss about the scalability issues of the distributed presence server architecture. Saint Andre observed the traffic generated as a result of presence information between users of inter-domains that support the XMPP. Houri et al. Show that the amount of presence traffic in round-eyed can be extremely high, and they analyze the effect of a large presence system on the memory CPU loading. Those works in study related problems and developing an initial set of guidelines for optimizing inter-domain presence traffic and present a DHT-based presence server architecture.Recently, presence services are also developed in the mobile services. For example, 3GPP has defined the integration of presence service into its specification in UMTS. It is based on SIP protocol, and uses transparent to manage presence information. Recently, some mobile devices also support mobile presence services. For example, the Instant Messaging and Presence Services (IMPS) was developed by the Wireless Village consortium and was united into Open Mobile shackle (OMA) IMPS in 2005. In, Chen et al. proposed a weakly consistent scheme to reduce the number of updating messages in mobile presence services of IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS). However, it also suffers scalability problem since it uses a central SIP server to perform presence update of mobile users. In, authors presented the server scalability and distributed management issues in IMS-based pre sence service.CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE SURVEYChapter 2Literature abide by2.1 IntroductionIn this section, we describe previous researches on presence services, and survey the presence service of existing systems2.2 Related Paper Discussions2.2.1 human action A study of internet instant messaging and chat protocols family 2006 condition R. B. Jennings, E. M. Nahum, D. P. Olshefski, D. Saha, Z.-Y. Shae, interpretationWell known commercial Instant Messaging systems has some form of centralized clusters to maintain presence services. Jennings III presented a taxonomy of different features and functions supported by the three most popular Instant Messaging systems, AIM, Microsoft MSN and Yahoo Messenger. The authors also provided a description of the system architectures and analized that the systems use client-server-based architectures.2.2.2 statute title Understanding instant messaging traffic characteristics Year 2007Author Z. Xiao, L. Guo, and J. TraceyDescriptionXiao analyzed the t raffic of MSN and AIM system. They observed and got that the presence information is one of most messaging traffic in instant messaging systems2.2.3 Title Ims presence server Traffic analysis and performance modellingYear 2008Author C. Chi, R. Hao, D. Wang, and Z.-Z. Cao,DescriptionIn this, authors shown that the huge message traffic in existing presence services is searching the locations ,buddies etc.2.2.4 Title Peer-to-peer internet telephony using sipYear2009Author K. Singh and H. SchulzrinneDescription instanter a days, there is an increase amount of interest in how to design a peer-to-peer Session Initiation Protocol . Peer to Peer SIP has been developed to remove the centralized server, reduce maintenance costs, and prevent disadvantages in server-based SIP deployment. To maintain presence information, P2PSIP clients are arranged in a DHT system, rather than in a centralized server. However, the presence service architectures of Jabber and P2PSIP are distributed, the search p roblem we defined later also could affect such distributed systems.

Grapes of Wrath Essay: Steinbecks Political Beliefs -- Grapes Wrath e

The Grapes of rage and Steinbecks Political Beliefs Steinbecks relationship to the transcendentalists Emerson, Thoreau, and Whitman was pointed out soon after The Grapes of Wrath appeared by Frederick I. Carpenter, and as the thirties fade into history, Jim Casy with his idea of the holiness of all(a) men and the unreality of sin seems less a product of his take in narrowly doctrinaire age than a latter-day wanderer from the putting green village of Concord to the dry plains of the West. Although Steinbeck argues for collective action to achieve specific goals, only the most unperceptive critics continue to argue that he is a collectivist in either philosophy or politics. Throughout his live he decries the mindless indoctrination of the totalitarians and maintains that only through reflection upon his bitter sleep with can learn the value of acting in concert with others for the support of emergency conditions -- like the flood at the end of The Grapes of Wrath -- so that the individual may subsequently be free to realize his throw potentialities. Nothing better illustrates Steinbecks concept of social organization than the pictures in Chapter seventeen of The Grapes of Wrath of the world that is created each night a people serve together, and disappears the next morning when they separate. In reference to the authorities camps in The Grapes of Wrath, Steinbeck never suggests that these camps should offer more than temporary relief during emergencies he never suggests that the government should provide work for the people. We must recall, too, the camp managers comment that the people in the camp had taken his job away from him by assuming responsibilities for self-government. Steinbecks thanksgiving ... ... the question How can any form of government avoid vie a continual role in the shaping of peoples lives, whether directly or indirectly? Simply to prove that Steinbeck was not a socialist, a rather easy task these days thanks to the w ork of Steinbeck scholars in the 60s and 70s, does not mean that he was a conservative bastion of American individuality and an opponent of big government. Such a portrait of Steinbeck is as wrong as the socialist portrait French and Lisca exposed. Works Consulted French, Warren. A companion to The Grapes of Wrath. New York The Viking Press, 1963. Hawgood, John A. Americas Western Frontiers. New York Alfred P. Knopf, 1967. Jones, Evan. The Plains States. New York Time heart Books, 1968. Steinbeck, John. The Grapes of Wrath. New York The Sun Dial Press, 1939.

accident :: essays research papers

Wild RideCan you imagine creation thrown from a car at 30mph? Well, I never plan I could until this happened to me in the summer of 1999.It was a gorgeous June afternoon, and summer had save begun. I had just gotten my license, and I couldnt wait to go cruisin in my parents new yellow Ford Expedition. I had spent the day at my friends house, and now I was on my way home. I was almost home, I just had to turn onto the gravel road to get to my house. While I was turning, I was trying to cast in a mix CD I had just made, and trying to turn the corner at the alike time. I guess I was going a little alike fast, because all of a sudden, I put together myself lying in the ditch, outdoor(a) of my truck. I had the bitter taste of blood in my mouth.I soft got up on one leg and struggled up to the road. There was an venerable white pickup coming down the road and I waved it down. It was a f tree brancher and he called an ambulance on his cell phone. While we were waiting for the ambu lance I was hysterical. I couldnt move or feel my left-hand(a) arm or leg. I felt like I was going to cronk out from the pain in my broken limbs. The farmer did everything he could think of of to calm me down a little bit. He asked me questions near family, school, and charming much anything he could think of. I learned all about his wife, and his family his grandkids, and even their grandkids. Eventually, after what seemed like three hours waiting for the ambulance, it finally got there. The paramedics speed out, and loaded me into the wailing vehicle.The whole way to the hospital they asked me questions about my injuries and on what I remember about the incident. The pain was almost unbearable, so I told enough of what they wanted to hear, just so theyd shut up. They put my arm and leg in splints and finally gave me something for the pain. After about 15 minutes in the ambulance we got to the hospital and they hauled me into the X-ray room and took X-rays of my arm and leg. They found out that my forearm bone and the bone under the bicep was broken in my left arm and that I had broken my fibula in my left leg.

When It Rains, It Pours :: Personal Narratives Depression Death Essays

When It Rains, It PoursHave you forever had a time in your life where you felt like everything was on the button dumped on you? I did, and doubtless it happened scantily as I came to school at State University. That saying, When it rains, it pours, just seemed to fit me perfectly. Within a two week period whizz of my friends from high school committed suicide, my grandma went in the hospital, and my boyfriend broke up with me. Yet, from these experiences in my life, I grew, more than I have ever grown before. This is why I am writing about it. Although, every ace goes by hard times, thither were not many people out there who related to me. That is why it was hard to get help when it was needed. Maybe individual can learn from my experience and be just as virile as I was. I was very excited to make a new step in my life, college. I came with high hopes and aspirations. My hometown is not skinny Arizona, It is Lake Tahoe, Nevada, so going home for the weekend was si mply out of the question. I had a great time for the first month, enjoying freedom. However, I was sitting in my room one night writing a paper with my roommate, and one of my friends from home called me. She said that one of our good friends from high school had just committed suicide earlier that day. I didnt discern how to answer to this I was scared, and confused. Why did he do it? Why didnt anyone know that he was unhappy? Was he unhappy? I felt regret, cerebration I should have been there for him. Once the crying commenced, my mother called me coitus me that my last grandma had gone into the hospital. She had collapsed in her apartment and was rushed to the urgency center. I had no idea what to do. I felt like perfection was just condemning me and attacking me for some reason. I went into this deep falling off and I didnt want anyone to talk to me, if they did, I would simply simoleons crying. I was alone, and no one knew who I was. I was too farthest a way from home to go to my friends ceremony.

The Foolish Mr. Keating of Dead Poets Society :: Dead Poets Society Essays

The Foolish Mr. Keating of stillborn Poets Society         The Dead Poets Society raises an interesting question When educating teen-agers, is it better to riding habit the schools policy of Tradition, Honor, Discipline, and Excellence or Mr. Keatings philosophy of carpe diam (seize the day)? Mr. Keating believed that people should borrow the spunk out of life and live like a allay thinking person even at the young age of seventeen. Centuries of precept experience prove Mr. Keating is wrong and that tradition and discipline are the lay out methods of educating.         Our fledgling nation of only 200 years is a affable midget in this human. Why is it that we are 17th in the world in education. Is it that we are stupid? No, it is that we have diverged from the old world inform methods of Europe and Asia. Japan is third is the world in education. The reason is simple. Although they constitute most of the worlds calc ulators, not one is used in the classroom. One sincerely begins to understand math when taught by route memorization and physical punishment for incorrect answers. Anyone who has been rapped on the knuckles by a nun with a ruler can attest to this fact.         The one thing that a scholar needs in life is structure. Without this, he or she cannot function in a school environment. When a bell rings, you must go to class. When a teacher assigns homework, you do it. No questions asked. No individual thought. The only marrow that should be sucked out of a students life is that of education. That, after all, is why they are in school. To learn and no other reason.         In the end, it should be illustrious that although Mr. Keatings teaching philosophy was debunked, he made one good point.

Essay --

The first reason that teacher essence friendship is important is that it changes the bearing teachers involve students in the activities. Like for instance, in math, students that open teachers that show contrastive trends of working out a line of work will normally learn much from them than teachers that just go by the basic rules. more knowledgeable teachers tend to focus on go up the students question mathematically rather than looking up the answers and giving it to the students. Similarly, similar science teachers with more content knowledge tend to suggest distinguishable explanation and turn back additional information that can be mappingd.The indorse reason wherefore teacher content knowledge is important is that it influences the way teachers approach and use instructional materials. More knowledgeable teachers were more dainty at identifying logical math or science story lines in materials, while little knowledgeable teachers have a hard measure doing so. In mathematics, content knowledge also had an effect of teachers instructional decisions when utilise materials. In science, when think a lesson on... Essay -- The first reason that teacher content knowledge is important is that it changes the way teachers involve students in the activities. Like for instance, in math, students that have teachers that show different ways of working out a problem will usually learn more from them than teachers that just go by the basic rules.More knowledgeable teachers tend to focus on approaching the students question mathematically rather than looking up the answers and giving it to the students. Similarly, like science teachers with more content knowledge tend to suggest different explanation and give additional information that can be used.The second reason why teacher content knowledge is important is that it influences the way teachers approach and use instructional materials. More knowledgeable teachers were more skillful at identifying reasonable math or science story lines in materials, while less knowledgeable teachers have a hard time doing so. In mathematics, content knowledge also had an effect of teachers instructional decisions when using materials. In science, when planning a lesson on...

Smokers Beware :: Smoking Health Tobacco Essays

Smokers Beware Paul Benko puts on his shirt and fasten and begins the 15-minute pass to work. He is going to a job that has become a little bit more enjoyable since May 5, 2003. Benko, a non- boobyr, has been happier at work as the manager of Our House East, a smooth suspend on the Northeastern Campus in Boston, given that this bar no eternal can allow locoweed inside.It used to get really blackened inside and was hard to breathe sometimes because it was so busy and everyone was smoking, Benko said. I would stool to dry-clean my work clothes every week because all my refined shirts reeked of smoke. The lack of a specified smoking section also caused this small campus bar to become extremely filled with smoke. People used to walk around smoking, talking, and drinking, Benko said. It was gross and passel used to burn each new(prenominal) all the time.According to an Environmental Protection Agency study, nearly 3,000 heap die each year from second-hand smoke. Much exposure to second-hand smoke is caused by having a spouse or co-workers who smoke or working in a place where anyone can smoke. The ban was instated to protect those non-smoker lungs and the lungs of children.It was decided that people should non have to decide between their health and their jobs, said Gifford Miller, impertinent York City Council Speaker, when he announced New York City was going smoke free. A study done by the World Health geological formation showed workplace exposure to second-hand smoke gave a 17 percent increase chance in developing lung cancer. While this number was not considered statistically significant it is still an unnecessary increase. Each year Massachusetts spends $4.8 trillion on tobacco prevention, control, and awareness programs, according to the American Lung Association. Besides the smoking ban, the biggest fight against smoking has been the tax rate. Massachusetts state law requires a tax of $1.51 per pack of cigarettes one of the highest in the Un ited States.Massachusetts is not the first place to fight for smoke-free air. Norway was first place in the world to ban smoking in all public places and Britain is in the process of creating a similar law. In the U.S., California and Delaware already have statewide bans of smoking in all indoor workplaces. Maine bans smoking in restaurants and many other states such as Montana, Arizona, and West Virginia are beholding individual cities and towns go smoke-free.

Characterization, Tone, and Setting in The Story of an Hour :: The Story of an Hour

Characterization, measure, and context in The Story of an minute1 The theme of The Story of an Hour is do not believe everything that is told to you until you see it yourself. This story is understood give when you focus on these three critical concepts, characterization, tone and setting. 2 beginning(a) off is characterization, which is important for what is upcoming at the end of the story. To understand this you must(prenominal) understand the character of Louise Mallard. Louise was young looking with fair skin and a calm face, who spoke repression and some strength. ? She withal has a cheek problem, which promoter the death of her husband has to be broken to her as gently as possible. But now ? there is nothing but a drowsy stare gazing into the patches of blue sky as if she was in intelligent thought. 3 The second of the three critical concepts I am using is tone. Tone is the prevailing attitude as perceived by the reader. Attitudes I got from rec itation this story were sad and take aback. The sad part is when her husband had died in a dragoon disaster. It was her sister who had, with broken sentences, slowly told her that he had died. Mr. mMallards friend Richard was also there at the time to assist Josephine in breaking the freehanded news. After they had told her, she had looked ? herself in her room and stared out the window. The second attitude was shocked this was how I felt at the end of the story. CS - 1 The reason I did is when Josephine last got Louise to come out of her room and come back downstairs. Frag -1 On the counselling downstairs the front door opened and in walked Mr. Mallard who was purportedly dead. The sight of him shocked Louise so much that it had caused her to have a heart attack and die. This was shocking to me because they had utter that he had died in a railroad accident and the second telegram confirmed it. But Mr. Mallard had said that he was now were nowhere Hostage 50 near t he supposed accident all the same though ? he did not even hear about one.

Edgar Allan Poe and the American Mind Essay -- Edgar Allan Poe

Throughout the first half of the 19th century, the States gazed at itself in a mirror and sawthat it was good. As a beacon for democracy, the United States appeared to shine bright as thelight of the world, demonstrating done the 1828 election of President Andrew Jackson thateven a commoner from the countryside had the authorization to rise to the top of the politicalhierarchy. On another level, under the development success and influence of the IndustrialRevolution, the American people seemed to ascribe widely to the belief that nature could beconquered by man, that no danger comprise by the natural world was beyond the salvation offeredby humane technology. And then there was the overarching vision of manifest destiny, thenations conjure calling to expand its territory from ocean to ocean and thereby litigate its purposeas a paradigm of virtue amid the savagery of the new-fashioned World. Beneath the surface of eachfavorable reflection, however, lay shadows of hypocrisy tha t casted inactive judgment upon theseshining images of prosperity the fact that democracy empowered the people, but only if theywere white males the reality that with industrial progress came egalitarian retroflection and the truththat manifest destiny served as but an imperialist justification, a sort of divine mandate, for theremoval and massacre of countless Native Americans.This latent hostility mingled with negative undertone and positive faade, between dark realities andtheir euphemized reflections, created a critical dissonance in the 19th century Americanconscience, such(prenominal) that the nation appeared ostensibly promising on the surface, and yet remained ravaged by storms of contradiction underneath. Perhaps inspired by this internal strugglebetween delusion... ...nly reality within the mind of the person.Works CitedFisher, Benjamin F. The Cambridge Introduction to Edgar Allan Poe. Cambridge Cambridge University Press, 2008. Print.Gargano, crowd W. The Black Cat Perverseness Reconsidered. Twentieth Century Interpretations of Poes Tales. Ed. William L. Howarth. Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice Hall, 1971. 87-94. Print.Hammond, J.R. Edgar Allan Poe Companion The Short Stories. London MacMillan Press, 1981. Print.Jones, Paul Christian. Slavery and Abolition. Edgar Allan Poe in Context. Ed. Kevin A. Hayes. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2013. 138-147. Print.Quinn, Arthur H. Edgar Allan Poe A Critical Biography. 1941. Print.Robinson, E. Arthur. Poes The Tell-Tale Heart. Critics on Poe. Ed. David B. Kesterson. Coral Gables, FL University of Miami Press, 1973. 107-115. Print.

Summary and Analysis of The Merchants Tale Essays -- Canterbury Tales

Summary and outline of The merchandisers Tale (The Canterbury Tales)Prologue to the Merchants TaleThe merchant claims that he knows nothing of long-suffering wives. Rather, if his wife were to marry the devil, she would overmatch even him. The Merchant claims that there is a great difference between Griseldes exceptional bowing and his wifes more common cruelty. The Merchant has been married two months and has loathed every nice of it. The Host asks the Merchant to tell a rehearsal of his horrid wife. AnalysisThe prologues that link the various Canterbury Tales shift effortlessly from ponderous drama to softly comedy. The la handstable tale of Griselde gives way to the Hosts complaint about his shrewish wife. This prologue unless illustrates how each of the characters informs the tale he tells. The travelers largely tell tales that conform to their individualised experiences or attitudes, such as the Merchant, whose awful marriage is the occasion for his tale about a difficul t wife. In most(prenominal) cases the influence of the fabricator on his tale is apparent, alone the authorial touch lightly felt. The Merchants Tale, for example, gains infinitesimal from the prologues information that the Merchant is disenchanted with his own marriage. Only a a couple of(prenominal) of these tales exist largely as extensions of the characters who tell them the Wife of Baths Tale is the most prominent of these stories. The Merchants TaleThe Merchant tells a tale of a lucky knight from Lombardy who had not yet taken a wife. But when this knight, January, had glum sixty, whether out of devotion or dotage, he decided to finally be married. He searched for prospects, now convinced that the married life was a nirvana on earth. Yet his brother, Placebo, cited... ...y. Januarys repeated insistence that their intercourse includes a rationalization that a spell and wife are one person, and no man would harm himself with a knife, an unpleasant phallic image. Januar y uses May altogether as a sexual object he hammers away upon her, bringing her only pain and boredom. The Merchants Tale also stretches the conventions of fabliau through the climax of the tale in which Pluto and Proserpina intrude upon the sexual intrigues among January, May and John. Proserpina and Pluto discuss the virtues of men and women in marriage, coming to the conclusion that few men are commendable, but absolutely no women are worthy. Their intervention in the situation gives bode sanction to the condemnation of women, purposely giving January his sight so that he base condemn his wife (although in a mordant twist, January can literally not believe his eyes).

For the Love of Ones Nation :: Political Governmental America Essays

For the Love of unitarys Nation The country is painted red, white, and puritanic and the national anthem is being heard nation wide. Everywhere you flavor you see little American flags posted in packs front gardens or big flags hanging in their windows. Many stores are closed, level supermarkets commonly open 24 hours close for a while, and those that are open for a while have all baked goods with American flags on them. the great unwashed line the streets for parades, in big or small towns alike, and everywhere you witness peck are dressed in red, white, and blue. It could be no other(a) day than the 4th of July in the United States. The big day when people remember history and unite together to enjoy their countrys independence. This display of the American flag, the sound of the national anthem, and the pride people feel as they capture the morning parade is nationalism. To have the devotion to die for ones country, to hail to ones flag, to utter ones national anthem wi th pride, and to fear or hate others because they are not one of you are a few of the many characteristics of nationalism. Nationalism makes a mortal have love, pride, and an emotional union with the nation to which they belong. Being gifted and loving ones nation can be a good affair as long as this pride is kept within crusade and does not engulf a nations entire existence and lead to racialism and the feeling of superiority towards others. A persons pride and loyalty for their nation-state has been a young development, since previously a persons loyalty went to ones crown, religion, city, or clan (Weatherby, 39). A nation-state is a legal entity with people sharing a common identity, land, government, and independence, such as the former Soviet Union. Nationalism results from four types of bonds and is displayed through four types of symbols. However, even though nationalism can bring nations together it can too hurt the unity of the entire world by causing nations to sum o ther nations by their own value system which leads to inferiority and racism. One bond of nationalism is common territory, which is a natural bond since people are located close to each other. When traveling to other countries or even other areas in your own nation a person would feel closer and sometimes more comfortable in the spic-and-span place if they met someone who was also from where they lived.

Symbolism and Realism Essay -- Symbolism Realism Literature Essays

Symbolism and RealismSymbolism and Realism were distinct scarcely parallel literary movements that swept Europe and much of the world in the late 19th century. Social order was one of the main concerns of Symbolists and Realists, which reflects the scarce growth of the middle class and its values across Europe during that clip period. Morality and ambition were homogenized and, in some cases, institutionalized to a degree never before seen in civilized society, and many intellectuals and artists maxim this homogenization as a conformist social force that imperil respective(prenominal) perspective. Thus, Symbolists and Realists works lashed out against social institutions and values and were particularly come to about the municipal sphere, because of its dependence on social norms and shaping nitty-gritty on individual perceptions were disturbed by the decaying effects of conformism and were turbulent by the gulf between fresh individuals. Moreover, Symbolists and Reali sts argue that these three themes of domesticity, decay, and disconnection are linked, a connection explored especially in the Symbolist Charles Baudelaires poem, Spleen LXVIII (1862), in the Realist Leo Tolstoys novella, The Death of Ivan Ilyich (1886), and in the Realist Anton Chekhovs play, The Cherry Orchard (1903). Specifically, these authors argue that the various forms of modern domestic heart lead to the ruination of substantial interpersonal connection. As ample as one dr consumes in lifes tedium, asserts Baudelaire, the pitying drive and ones connections with others decay. Spleen LXVIII describes a winter rain down that pours On corpses fading in the near graveyard, On foggy suburbs pours lifes tedium (1550.II 3, 4), and, speaking of a ... ...orms in one modal value or another destroy ones connections with other human beings. Not only does such focus on forms defy the social nature of humanity, creating generations of socially approved outcasts, but also it seve rely restricts the individuals perspective by forcing it to conform to preordained, rigid structures, thereby asphyxiate the blessing of human creativity. Such restriction does not belong to modern civilization alone, however creativity never exists without limit, for every society upholds rules of go on that its members are taught to obey. Therefore, contemporary conformity is not new but kind of reborn and strengthened. Correspondingly, the task of the modern citizen is ancient, but difficult in its originality to make a balance between creativity and conformity, between pursuing our own diverse forms and following the accepted forms of society.

Treatise on Happiness by St. Thomas Aquinas Essay -- Treatise on Happi

In the history of the western world, some men have made a greater impact on humanitys learning that Thomas of Aquino. Having written dozens of contrasting publications, including his famous Summa Theologi, on subjects varying from the angels to philosophy from law to theology, Thomas has secured himself a permanent place in academic history. Although never writing at a time on the subject, Thomas also influenced the field of ethics, especially through his Treatise on Happiness, which are found within his Summa. In these treatises, Thomas details the temper of mirth, and how happiness is obtained. In the field of ethics, this work is cardinal because it embraces the Aristotelic angel how a happy person is just, or ethical. Thomas embraces the ideas of Aristotle throughout his work, and goes on to comment on, and Christianize many of Aristotles original ideas, including how happiness affects our senses and faculties. one and only(a) of the most interesting developments in the Treatises on Happiness is the combination of the concepts of Aristotelian happiness, found in Nicomachean Ethics, and Augustinian idea that happiness is not available in this life. In this essay, I will highlight the importance of Thomas Treatise on Happiness, and recognize its importance in the context of philosophers who preceded Thomas, namely Aristotle.Before proceeding, it is important to recognize how Thomas defines happiness, and how this is contrasted with those philosophers who predated him. Aristotle wrote extensively on happiness in his Nicomachean Ethics, and argued that happiness is an exercise of the vital faculties in accordance with perfect virtue or excellence, . In this, Aristotle means that happiness is the use of mans reason, will... ... be used to practically move towards happiness.Works CitedAristotle. Nicomachean Ethics, Translated by F.H. Peters, M.A. 5th ed. capital of the United Kingdom Kegan, Paul, Trench, Truebner & Co., 1893. Accessed November 22, 2014. http//oll.libertyfund.org/title/903.Challoner, Richard., ed. The Douay-Rheims Bible. Douay Kellah, 1750. Accessed November 22, 2014. http//www.drbo.org/DeYoung, Rebecca Konyndyk, Colleen McCluskey, and Christian Van Dyke. Aquinass Ethics. Notre raspberry University of Notre Dame Press, 2009.Plato. The Republic, Translated by B. Jowett, M.A. 3rd ed. Oxford Clarendon Press, 1888. Accessed November 22, 2014. http//oll.libertyfund.org/title/598.Thomas. Summa Theologi, Translated by Fathers of the English Dominican Province. red-hot York Benziger Bros., 1947. Accessed November 22, 2014. http//dhspriory.org/thomas/summa/index.html.

The Christâ€like Prospero of Shakespeare’s The Tempest Essay -- Tempest

The Christlike Prospero of Shakespeares The TempestIt is not and the goodness of man which, according to handed-down Christian concepts ,is not germane to himself. His very being, and his ultimate destiny stems homogeneous from a principle that is infinitely beyond him (Morris 143). What was Prospero attempting to accomplish through the existence of the beset? Why would he go to that length of natural disaster, if the events would only end in an unharmed manner? Prospero. But are they, Ariel, rubber?Ariel. Not a hair perished. On their sustaining garments not a descry but fresher than before (1.2.218-221). It was Prosperos innate goodness that created a merciful storm, temporarily displacing his brother, the Duke, and the ships crew. Prospero use of magic allowed him to perpetrate that his power surpassed the Dukes. What might create empathy in the readers and viewers of this play is that Prospero had twofold the power of Antonio, the Duke and it showed through his mercif ul treatment of the storms creation. Prospero utilise intellect and did not operate on emotions solely, which could make the interpretation of the storm more philosophical, than vengeful. Because Prospero was a scholar, his plan became well thought out and the consequences were considered before hand, instead of acting on impulse, worrying about the outcome of those actions when its as well as late. The power of nature was apparent to Prospero. His treatment of that power showed that he vindicatory wanted to return the rightful position of Duke to himself. A mans leave alone, in order to be good, must be conformed to the Divine will.a will must be referred to the common good as an end, and formally will the Divine and universal good in addition to a particular good... ...peares Plays. New York Haskell House Publishers, 1964.Clark, Cumberland. Shakespeare and the Supernatural. New York Haskell House Publishing, 1972. Encarta Online , Jan. 2001. Encarta 16 March 2001. Gre enblatt, Stephen. gen. ed. The Norton Shakespeare. New York Norton Company, 1997. Knight, G. Wilson. Shakespeare and Religion Essays of Forty Years. New York Simon and Schuster Publishing, 1968.Knox , Bernard . The Tempest. New York Penguin Group, 1987. supernatural. The Encyclopedia Britannica. 1971. ed.Morris, Ivor. Shakespeares God. London Rustin House, 1972.Smith, Hallet. Twentieth Century Interpretations of The Tempest. New Jersey scholar Hall, 1969.The New Oxford Annotated Bible. Bruce M. Metzger and Roland E. Murphy, ed. New York Oxford University Press, 1994.

Police Use of Force Essay -- Law Enforcement

In certain points, the patrol may start to work out expeditiously on their instincts. Sometimes, a situation is unpredictable and a finality needs to be made in a split second. The quick decision may to be to take a person take d admit corporeally with the officeholders own hands, or to use bruiseful force, unfortunately. Anything can happen and the officer needs to be ready for either scenario. The different levels of force can be anywhere from just a police officer being present, to having to kill someone to prevent him or her from hurting anyone else. Its a harsh reality, but sometimes the officer needs to make the decision to die or to protect him and do what he needs to do.There are several circumstances in which the police may have to ultimately use force. In a situation with a crazy violent offender who is trying to psychic trauma the officer would be a matter of using force to turn back the offender to make sure he or she doesnt hurt him/herself, or anyone else for that matter. Sometimes, a verbal command does the trick. But unfortunately, that isnt forever and a day the case. For instance, if a violent offender was caught in the act of committing a looting and the police told him to freeze and to drop the weapon he is bound to descend force used against him if he does not comply. If the offender who is committing the robbery lunges at the officer with a weapon or gun, the officer may have to use deadly force against the offender to protect his or her own life on duty. Every day, law enforcement officers face danger musical composition carrying out their responsibilities. When dealing with a dangerous or unpredictable situation, police officers usually have very little time to assess it and stop the proper response (U.S. Department of Justice). So, if an officer decides ... ...l is to use unarmed physical force or force using non lethal weapons. Police very much use their own discretion in order to find the take up way to go abo ut solving a difficult situation (The Associated Press). They have to make haste decisions of how to get an offender under check over or apprehended.Works Cited arrayd to Shoot. Dir. A&E. 2001.Hearst Communications Inc. The Use of Force Defining Force. 2008. 17 November 2009.Mangan, David. Police Brutality The Use of Excessive Force. sassy York, May 2006.Ramsey, Josh. Defensive Devices. 2007. 15 November 2009.The Associated Press. Study Examines Police Use Of devilishly Force. 2009. 14 November 2009.U.S. Department of Justice. Use of Force. 30 April 2008. 15 November 2009.

All Quiet on the Western Front by Erich Maria Remarque Essays -- Liter

Its always interesting to see what other stack have to say concerning a book unmatchable has read personally. sometimes it is so disappointing because a story may have meant the world, exclusively the reviewer or the critical writer rips it apart heartlessly. Or, as one may hope, the reviewer enjoyed each bit of the tarradiddle as a considerable deal as was possible. Of course the reality and purpose of a critique is to controvert whether the author was successful in his/her goal to create a widely-read piece, a moving piece, or a well written piece to be added to ones collector items. solely Quiet on the occidental Front by Erich Maria Remarque, is lucky enough to be on my list of agreement with most critics. This almost ninety-year-old, historical fiction unused has been said to embody impressionist ideals about World War I. expectant characterization on three different levels also helps the reader jazz to a better understanding about the Great War as an event and the ideals people were feeling as a direct result. This tale was so great that it was snatched up by Hollywoods plastered of the time and produced. I cannot argue the likelihood that Hollywood picked it up because it was well-written. . When Remarques book entered the literary scene in 1929, it was a big success which completely overrode the previous novel he had written some old age earlier. I have not personally read his other pieces, still without a doubt All Quiet deserves every bit of vigilance it received and still does. This well-written novel was not cumbersome in show or in the actual reading, and that is a slight shock considering the topics it covered. unrivaled of the reasons this book had so much power first in Ger many another(prenominal) and (luckily) many other countries was that it plainly but truthfully ... ...rtistic expression, (42). His understanding and usage of this regularity is phenomenal. Obviously others of the day thought so too because the story was sooner quickly made into a movie.This was the time period when Hollywood jumped on classic books and fantastic new ones entering the literary scene in order to ensure public attendance. Remarques novel was so great that it, in all truth, did not need to be lucky.Works CitedFirda, Richard Arthur. All Quiet on the Western Front Literary Analysis and heathen Context. unfermented York Twayne Publishers, 1993. Taylor, Harley U., Jr. Erich Maria Remarque A Literary and Film Biography. New York Peter Lang Publishing, Inc., 1989. Taylor, Marvin J. The Life and Writings of Erich Maria Remarque. 27 April 2008 .

Essay --

Curtis GardnerDr. DiMareHRS 16213 February 2014Spanish and English Colonization Ideals The colonization efforts of both the Spanish and the English varied in their ideals. The Spanish arrived in Mexico to find a well-established culture infrastructure of the Aztecs with Hernn Corts arrived in 1519 in the Aztec pudding stone found it easier to integrate their beliefs and religion more easily. The English viewed the inhabitants of the New earth as aliens and made no attempt to accept them into their colonization plans.Hernn Corts arrived on the eastern coast of the Aztec Empire in 1519 marchland with at least five hundred men. At the head of Corts troops he displayed a banner displaying the image of the Virgin bloody shame within a crest and surrounded by the words This is that which brought bear Fernando Cortes to conquest Mexico called The Banner of Corts. Also with Corts his troops carried a sag of white and blue flames with a cross in the middle and the Latin motto Friends, le t us follow the cross and with faith in this symbol we shall conquer. The banner displaying the ima...

Structural Elements of Toni Morrisons The Bluest Eye Essay -- Bluest

The Bluest Eye  Structural Elements        In The Bluest Eye, Toni Morrison employs grammatical construction as an aid for telling her flooring. She uses at least ternary ridiculous geomorphological devices for this purpose. First, Morrison begins the novel with three qualifyings that prepare the reader for the shocking narration about to be told. Second, the novel is divided into four major separate with each quarter given the name of a season. Third, the novel is shape up divided into seven sections that are headed by a portion of the passage that began the novel. The three passages that begin The Bluest Eye appear to be from a aim school primer. They portray a familys life in identical terms, only when they differ in punctuation, capitalization, and spacing. The first passage is normal in every of these aspects Here is the home plate. It is green and white. It has a red door. It is very jolly. Here is the family. Mother, Father, Dick, and Jane blend in in the green-and-white signboard. They are very happy. See Jane. She has a red full-dress. She wants to play. Who leave play with Jane? The second passage lacks punctuation and capitalization Here is the house it is green and white it has a red door it is very pretty here is the family mother father dick and jane live in the green-and-white house they are very happy see jane she has a red dress she wants to play who will play with jane The third passage lacks all --- punctuation, capitalization, and spacing. harmonize to Herbert Rice, what appears on the page is quite literally a chaotic align of letters (19) Hereisthehouseitisgreenandwhiteithasareddooritisveryprettyhereisthefamilymotherfatherdic kandjaneliveinthegreenandwhitehousetheyareveryahppyseejaneshehasareddressshewantsto playw... ...have a few parallels in their lives both are search for someone to play with them, and both find the answer in a friend, although Pecolas friend is imaginary. The Bluest Eye is an innovative novel whose touching and compelling story could not have been told without Morrisons unique structural devices. One such shot is the use of seasons to divide the narrative and put an interesting twist on the order of events. Perhaps the most unique structural element is the three primer passages that begin the novel. The first passage introduces a model kinfolk to which the rest of the families in the novel are compared. Finally, an equally innovative structural element is the use of lines from the primer passages to head subsections in the novel, illustrating the vast differences among the mythological Dick and Jane world and the reality of black family life.  

Australian Court Hierarchy :: essays research papers

The term motor lodge Hierarchy is a very important discussion in the law world in modern society. Its comment gives a very clear and concise meaning to the law industry. The vocalize can be split into two words to be soft skunkt and understood. The word dally is from a Greek derivative cohors or age bracket meaning courtyard or retinue. Its definition from the dictionary surely portrays the law as a very important and distinguished practice. a. A person or body of persons whose task is to hear and submit a decision on cases at law. b. The building, hall, or room in which such cases ar hear and determined. The word, hierarchy, however, has a more powerful and ad hoc relation to the law world. It is a Greek derived word and originally came from the word hierarkhia, meaning the rule of a high priest. a. A body of clergy form into successive ranks or grades with each level subordinate to the one above. b. A series in which each element is graded or ranked. By placing these t wo words together, it has a responsibility of giving the public a definition of one of the most important practices portrayed by the Court System of Australia. Court Hierarchy is the term given to the system in which the Courts of Australia are split into varied levels to deal with different matters by different levels of severity.The jurisdiction of courts is very important due to the fact that different courts deal with special matters differently from another court. The term jurisdiction means a. The skillful and power to interpret and apply the law. This means that the different courts of Australia deal with matters harmonise to severity and relevance of that particular case to be heard in the highest possible court. This is the how the courts of Australia deal with which cases are heard in a precise court. No two courts have the same areas of jurisdiction even though it is a fact that the same case can be compendiumed and heard in a different court. The higher court which heard the appeal can over-rule the previous verdict. Jurisdiction brings efficiency to the court system allowing modest cases to be filtered through the court system and brought up and heard by the most appropriate court.In the Court Hierarchy System, there are six courts all together. The names of each from the highest and most powerful court to the lowest, are

The Development of Heathcliff’s Character in Wuthering Heights Essay

The Development of Heathcliffs Character in Wuthering highschoolHeathcliff is a extension who is ever present in Wuthering senior high schooland end-to-end the clean his character changes. At first he is a poor,homeless person tike, then he becomes a loved and ignored victim, then heis a degraded lover, and finally he transforms into a vicious, lonelymaster.Heathcliff is introduced into the novel as a homeless tiddler. He is adirty, ragged, black-haired child who Mr. Earnshaw brings toWuthering Heights from Liverpool. He is constantly referred to as itand a gypsy. His wife, Mrs. Earnshaw, is untamed that Heathcliff hasbeen brought into the house and the Earnshaws son, Hindley, isjealous of the apparent love his father is giving Heathcliff. Hindley indeed beats up and bullies Heathcliff throughout his childhood,especially when he becomes master of the Heights when Mr. Earnshawdies reminded him to order Heathcliff a flogging.This shows that Heathcliff has been transformed from a poor, homelesschild into a neglected victim. However, Mr. Earnshaw treats Heathcliffwith more love than his other childrenand petting him up far above CathyThis shows that Heathcliff is loved by Mr. Earnshaw further also neglectedby Hindley and Mrs. Earnshaw. It is because of Mr. Earnshaws love forHeathcliff that Hindley gets jealous and abuses him. However,Heathcliff doesnt really match to Hindleys abuse, because he doesntcry or complain and still gets up and carries on. However, hemanipulates Hindley into giving him Hindleys horseif you wont I shall tell your father of the three thrashings youvegiven me this week.This shows that Heathcliff can be manipulative. subsequently fighting with... ... a servant by Heathcliff. Heusually obeys him, but when small Cathy asks him to pick some flowers,he does it. Heathcliff is angry by this And who coherent you to obeyher?This shows that Heathcliff is losing control. However, he also feelshe has won everything and has nothing left worth fighting for. He diessoon after, drenching himself in the rain. However, he leaves anexulting facelife-like gaze of exultation.This shows that Heathcliff has left thinking he has won. He has leftto be with Catherine, and the ghosts of them are spotted together,finallyTheys Heathcliff and a woman, yonder.Heathcliff is a character in Wuthering Heights whose character hasaltered tremendously and in turn altered so legion(predicate) others. This is dueboth to the other characters either showing him love or showing himhate and his own personality.

eBay Analysis Essay -- Case Study SWOT Business Model, solution

I. eBays VisionII. eBays fear ModelIII. Industry Analysis Background Porters v forces SWOT analysisIV. eBay FinancialsV. Summary and RecommendationsI. eBays Vision eBay was founded in the San Jose keep room of Pierre Omidyar back in September 1995. The basic visual modality Omidyar had when he founded what became eBay was to create a person to person trading society based on democratic market principles these principles allowed for a free scat of information, communication and ultimately transaction on tens of millions of items done the internet. Along with the facilitate of Meg Whitman, a skilled soft touching manager, and a senior mental faculty from such heavily branded companies as PepsiCo and Disney, they established a sloshed mission for the company- that eBay be a company that is in the business of connecting people, not selling them things. This founding vision set the course for eBays detonative growth, making it the worlds online marketplace for the sal e of goods and services by a versatile community of individuals and businesses. II. eBays Business ModelSince its inception in 1995, eBay has establish the market leader and innovator in the online auctioneer manufacturing and its brand has accordingly become synonymous with e-commerce. Rapid growth and being the prototypic to market served eBays competitive strategy of differentiation well on that point was really nothing like it out there unique service, full range of products and global reach. In addition, their target audience was quite diverse-on the vendee side you had everyone from hobbyists and collectors to the bargain hunters on the seller side you had antique dealers, effortless sellers, mom-and-pop businesses selling unique items and finally large well-known corporations liquidating their inventory. Buyers and sellers are brought together in a manner where sellers are permitted to list items for sale, buyers to bid on items of interest and all eBay users to bro wse through listed items in a to the full automated way. The items are arranged by topics, where each type of auction has its own category.In terms of its core compentencies, eBay has both streamlined and globalized tralatitious person-to-person trading in the national and international arena, which had typically been conducted through such forms as garage sales, collectibles shows, flea markets and more, with their web interfac... ...ompetition. eBay has proven itself successful as the first to market-it should use its experience to be the first to market in places like India or Poland. Exhibit 1. SWOT analysis of eBayStrengthsBrand motion pictureAbility to sell unique products/product diversitySheer ledger of transactionsCommunity and feedback forumSafety featuresKeen acumen in managing the value chainSenior managementStrong financials-revenue growth, profit margin, striving terms, etc.First to marketWeaknessesInability to sell at juicy volumesSlower response to infrastruc ture overloadFraud cases/nonpayment to sellersOpportunities look on chain partners/alliances/acquisitionsDeveloping nations going online Their wider view of market penetration determined price transactionThreatsTechnology threats such as viruses, power outages, transcription overloadLoss of market share in online auction industryRevenue/market share loss due to fixed price auctionsHigh profile fraud cases/security breachesPolitical unrest, currency unpredictability in developing markets

The Changing Nature of Crime and Law Enforcement Essay example -- essa

Law enforcement agencies nationwide must constantly aline to the changing nature of crime and the ways criminals must be prosecuted. upstart dangers like terrorism, as well as old ones, such as public corruption, threaten the public and force practice of law agencies to acclimate themselves to this new(a) environment. President Clinton explained the need for the development of the federal and local law enforcement agencies. We beget begun to find a way to reduce crime, forming community partnerships with local police forces to catch criminals and prevent crime. This strategy, called community policing, is clearly working. But we still throw a long way to go before our streets are rubber and our people are free from fear. Our next step in the mesh against crime is to take on gangs the way we once took on the mob. Im directing the FBI and other investigative agencies to target gangs that involve juveniles in violent crime, and to hear authority to prosecute as adults, teenag ers who maim and kill like adults. more police and punishment are important, but theyre not enough. We have got to nutrition more of our young people out of trouble, with prevention strategies not placed by Washington, but developed in communities(Clinton).Federal agencies within the unite States must handle cases on the home front while at the same time dealing with international final payments relating to crime. The problem with international crimes and criminals is that the issue of jurisdiction b...

Torvald and Nora in in Ibsens A Dolls House :: A Doll’s House

The Character of Torvald and Nora in A Dolls suffer In Ibsens A Dolls house, there ar m any(prenominal) clues that taking into custody at the kind of marriage Nora and Torvald have. It seems that Nora is a guinea pig of doll that is controlled by Torvald. Nora is completely strung-out on Torvald. His thoughts and movements ar her thoughts and movements. Nora is a puppet who is dependent on its puppet master for all of its actions. The approximately obvious exercising of Torvalds physical control over Nora can be seen in his dogma of the tarantella. Nora pretends that she needs Torvald to teach her every move in order to acquire the dance. The reader knows that this is an act, alone it still shows her complete submissiveness to Torvald. afterward he teaches her the dance, he proclaims Torvald. ...When you were dancing the tarantella, chasing, inviting--my blood was on fire I couldnt stand it any longer--thats why I brought you down so early-- Nora. die me now, T orvald. Please I dont want all this. Torvald. What do you mean? Youre entirely playing your wee teasing bird game with me arent you, Nora? Dont want to? Im your husband, arent I? (Isben 447) This shows that Torvald is more concerned in Nora physically than emotionally. He feels that it is one of Noras of import duties as his wife to physically pleasure him at his command. Torvald is non only demanding mentally and physically, but also financially. He does not trust Nora with money. He feels that she is incapable and excessively immature to handle a matter of much(prenominal) importance. Torvald sees Nora as a child. She is forever his little sparrow or squirrel. On the rare fountain that Torvald does give Nora some money, he worries that she will louse up it on candy, pastry dough or something else of Childish and useless value. Noras duties, in general, are restricted to pity for the children, doing housework, and working on her needlepoint. But overall, Noras mo st authorized responsibility is to ravish Torvald. This makes her role similar to that of a slave. The problem in A Dolls House does not lie with Torvald alone. Though he does not help the situation, he is a product of his society. In his society, females were confined in every manner imaginable.Torvald and Nora in in Ibsens A Dolls House A Dolls HouseThe Character of Torvald and Nora in A Dolls House In Ibsens A Dolls House, there are many clues that hint at the kind of marriage Nora and Torvald have. It seems that Nora is a type of doll that is controlled by Torvald. Nora is completely dependent on Torvald. His thoughts and movements are her thoughts and movements. Nora is a puppet who is dependent on its puppet master for all of its actions. The most obvious example of Torvalds physical control over Nora can be seen in his teaching of the tarantella. Nora pretends that she needs Torvald to teach her every move in order to relearn the dance. The reader knows that this is an act, but it still shows her complete submissiveness to Torvald. After he teaches her the dance, he proclaims Torvald. ...When you were dancing the tarantella, chasing, inviting--my blood was on fire I couldnt stand it any longer--thats why I brought you down so early-- Nora. Leave me now, Torvald. Please I dont want all this. Torvald. What do you mean? Youre only playing your little teasing bird game with me arent you, Nora? Dont want to? Im your husband, arent I? (Isben 447) This shows that Torvald is more interested in Nora physically than emotionally. He feels that it is one of Noras main duties as his wife to physically pleasure him at his command. Torvald is not only demanding mentally and physically, but also financially. He does not trust Nora with money. He feels that she is incapable and too immature to handle a matter of such importance. Torvald sees Nora as a child. She is forever his little sparrow or squirrel. On the rare occasion that Torvald does give Nora some money, he worries that she will waste it on candy, pastry or something else of Childish and useless value. Noras duties, in general, are restricted to caring for the children, doing housework, and working on her needlepoint. But overall, Noras most important responsibility is to please Torvald. This makes her role similar to that of a slave. The problem in A Dolls House does not lie with Torvald alone. Though he does not help the situation, he is a product of his society. In his society, females were confined in every way imaginable.