Lies Youve Been Told About Essay Samples for Class 12

Lies You've Been Told About Essay Samples for Class 12 Using Essay Samples for Class 12 The ideal way to do this is by way of an outline. The outline functions as a map for you to keep your thoughts organized. Can't be utilized in conjunction with other promotional codes. Then follow this up with few examples in detailed method. Life After Essay Samples for Class 12 As you're writing about an emotionally-charged subject, you might wind up getting lost on the way. One, we apply an extremely careful range of our writers. Our writers also undergo a string of other training that could truly convince us they are fantastic for the job. It's only normal to be anxious about hiring an on-line essay writer since you can not ever be sure whether you are employing the ideal service or not. Want to Know More About Essay Samples for Class 12? It appears to me that the board is attempting to find money from the insurance provider that is not actually justified. 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The Revolution Of The 19th Century - 1609 Words

In the early 19th century, Napoleon rose to power in Europe. In 1804, a young man, visited his empire. In 1808, he conquered Spain. In 1810, the Spanish colonies rebelled, and the leader of the army of the republic of Venezuela was that young man, Simon Bolivar, regarded by many as the greatest genius that the Latin American world has ever produced. His life was profoundly influential on the history of the Americas, and it changed them for the better. The revolution began when Napoleon conquered Spain in the Peninsular war. He then installed his brother Joseph as king of Spain, booting out the Bourbon Dynasty. This inflamed the tensions that had been going on in the Spanish American colonies for a long time, as there were disagreements between those who supported the Bourbon dynasty, those who supported the new dynasty, and those who wished to follow the American example and become free. Bolivar was a member of the last group. In 1810, the Spanish Governor of Venezuela was expelled f rom the colony. In 1811, the fledgling state ratified a constitution, and declared independence from Spain. An aging former general, Francisco Miranda, who had been exiled from Venezuela in 1806 after his role in an attempted revolution, was persuaded to return to Venezuela to lead the army of the new republic. Unfortunately for Venezuela, Spain sent an expeditionary force in 1811, and in 1812 Miranda betrayed the new republic and surrendered his army to Spain. Bolivar was forced by this toShow MoreRelatedThe Revolution Of The 19th Century939 Words   |  4 PagesAs the United States entered the 19th century, a new era of development and evolution in its economy, population, and technology was ushered into American society. America s economic and industrial power grew as a result of the industrial revolution of the 1800 s. At this time, organizations known as political machines saw an opportunity and capitalized on the fears and desires of individuals who wanted to achieve the Ame rican dream but could not necessarily find the means to achieve those goalsRead MoreThe Revolution Of The 19th Century955 Words   |  4 PagesIn the late 18th century, the world was about to witness another revolution for democracy. After the United States emerged victorious in the quest for independence it would become an example to the world. France, America’s ally during the war, would be further crippled financially by this quest for independence, and in turn let the Third Estate, the third social class in French politics composed of lower class people, see this example. As France spiraled into moderate depression the people wouldRead MoreThe French Revolution And The 19th Century871 Words   |  4 PagesFrench Revolution took place in the late 18th century which undermined the traditional monarchy of France as well as the hereditary aristocracy. The Enlightenment was an important origin of the French Revolution as people wanted the government to provide natural rights to individuals. They did not seek a violent revolution, however so individuals had strong beliefs in the Enlightenment ideas which led to a revolt. A few important factors had a major impact on the origin of the revolution includingRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution During The 19th Century1468 Words   |  6 Pages The industrial revolution began in the 18th and 19th centuries. During this time most people lived on farms or in small rural villages. Prior to the industrial revolution most manufacturing was done in homes using hand tools and simple basic machines. People lived where their daily existences revolved around farming. Life for the average person was difficult, as incomes were meager, and malnourishment and disease were common. People produced the bulk of their own food, clothing, furniture and toolsRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution Of The 19th Century927 Words   |  4 PagesEurope in the nineteenth-century was rapidly evolving into a more modernized society, and many political and cultural ideas were developing during this change. The Industrial Revolution triggered an enormous increase of the standard of living throughout most of Europe and North America. The transformation from the old style of hand made production to the new factory system caused many industries to build factories. This caused many people of the working class to move to the factories in search ofRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution During The 19th Century1521 Words   |  7 PagesThe Industrial Revolution was an important milestone in history and influenced almost every part of the standard of living. From the new discoveries in technology there became new jobs available, which presented new working conditions, and the middle class had a new outlook on life. During the 19th century, changes and new ideas formed what would advance the modern world, the shift from an agricultural and handmade economy to a machine and manufactured one (Judge 664). Goods like coal, iron, andRead M oreThe Industrial Revolution During The 19th Century973 Words   |  4 Pages The industrial revolution was a time of urbanisation, social and technological change that took place during the 18th and 19th centuries. Economic growth changed the British peoples experiences in all aspects of their lives including how they worked and travelled. Although it was harsh period of time for millions of people, due to the working conditions, it was also an advantage as it was a world-changing period of time. Before the industrial revolution took place, people lived their lives in aRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution During The 19th Century1161 Words   |  5 PagesFrom the 18th to the 19th centuries, Britain was a far more developed country than any others in the world. There are more than one factor that made the Industrial Revolution happened first in Britain, some examples are: The Agricultural Revolution, the growth of population, The Enlightenment and the Scientific Revolution, World Trading, and the Cottage Industry. With all those factors, it comes down to: What started the Industrial Revolution? The clothe industry was one of the big factor. UnlikeRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution During The 19th Century851 Words   |  4 Pagesmost crucial changes for today’s modern society was the Industrial Revolution. The Industrial Revolution brought many changes to the societies that experienced the process of industrialization. Some of the changes benefited society, while others caused harm to most of the society. Most affected by these changes was the working class of these societies. The Industrial Revolution that took place throughout the 18th and the 19th centuries had major effects which influenced every aspect of society and lifeRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution During The 19th Century955 Words   |  4 PagesIn the late 18th and early 19th centuries Europe found itself dealing with vast changes in its way of life. The Industrial Revolution took Europeans from the rural countryside into the urban powerhouses as the continent experienced a sudden shift in everyday living, economic structure, and social hierarchy. This sudden change in how Europe was ran from an economic standpoint caused yet another rift between the proletariats and bourgeoisies. Life became difficult for the newly founded working class

The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain - 1881 Words

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain has been banned from many schools and public libraries due to the use of racial slurs. Although these slurs are frowned upon now, they were a normal part of the society shaped Huckleberry (Huck) Finns life. The world Huck Finn grew up in is before the abolition of slavery. This is when the states is begun to separate, but the civil war is not yet stirring. Huckleberry’s life was influenced by his small town of St. Petersburg, the time period he lived in, and certain people. Huckleberry’s life is changed and influenced by Tom Sawyer, the widow, his father, Miss Watson, and Jim. Tom Sawyer, Huckleberry’s best friend, is a wild imagination often caused trouble for him and others. Throughout the book, Huck questions what he is doing, and wonders if Tom would do the same. He almost always decides Tom would agree with his decisions and be on his side. When Huck’s life completely turns around, he receives thousands of dollars and a place to stay with a widow from town. The widow and her sister, Miss Watson, transform Huck from a homeless boy into a civilized young man. They introduce him into the civilized world and teach him about religion. He is sent to school, and taught manners. Miss Watson tells him about the â€Å"good place† and the â€Å"bad place†. His introduction to religion creates an internal struggle between right and wrong. Throughout the book, he constantly thinks of Miss Watson while making decisions. Huck’s father influencedShow MoreRelatedThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain830 Words   |  3 PagesThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is â€Å"A Great American Novel†, because of its complexity and richness. Twain writes dialogue that brings his characters to life. He creates characters with unique voice and helps the reader connect to the book. Anyone who reads it is forced to develop feelings for each character. Even though there is a great amount of controversy over the use of some choices, such as the â€Å"n word†, it makes the book more realistic. In the beginning of the novel Huck,Read MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1103 Words   |  5 PagesDmitri Van Duine Jr English Mr. Nelson November 27th The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Written by Mark Twain filled his stories with many examples of satire as to convey a message while also writing an interesting story. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn revolves around the adventures of a young boy called Huckleberry Finn, who is about thirteen years old. Tom Sawyer is Huck’s best friend and around the same age as Huck. He is onlyRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain Essay1055 Words   |  5 PagesZambrano Mrs. Patmor AP Lit-Period 5 28 September 2016 Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 1835 Mark Twain embodies realism in almost every aspect of his writing not excluding The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, which in he portrays such a lifelike setting that it almost gives you this sense of reality through the point of view of a young man that has an urge for freedom yet struggles to conform to society s norms due to his adolescence. Twain s ability to unmask the true identities of the charactersRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain931 Words   |  4 PagesWolski Mrs. Goska English 2H Period 3 22 October 2014 The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Mob mentality is the way an individual’s decisions become influenced by the often unprincipled actions of a crowd. Mark Twain penned The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Twain grew up in America’s southern states during the early 1800’s, a time in which moral confusion erupted within the minds of humans. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn s protagonist is a young boy named Huck who freely travels alongRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1375 Words   |  6 Pagesmention the years spent growing and maturing physically. Teenagers are stuck in an inbetween state where they must learn who they want to become and what they want to be when they grow older. The same is true for Huckleberry Finn, from the book â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† by Mark Twain. This is a book that was written in a time of great confusion over moral codes and standards. It was a world split in half by two different worlds of people; those who opposed, a nd those who promoted slavery.Read MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain2083 Words   |  9 PagesSatire in Huckleberry Finn In the novel â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† by Mark Twain, we are told a story about a young boy and his slave companion’s journey down the Mississippi River and all of their encounters with other characters. Twain constructed a beautiful narrative on how young Huck Finn, the protagonist in the story, learns about the world and from other adult characters, how he is shaped into his own person. At the time this book was made however, this novel provided serious socialRead MoreMark Twain and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn1575 Words   |  6 Pages Mark Twain and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Controversy Mark Twain, born Samuel Langhorne Clemens, is a highly recognizable figure in American literature. Born in Florida, Missouri Mark Twain and his family moved to Hannibal, Missouri where Twain discovered and fell in love with the mighty Mississippi River. The river and his life in Hannibal became his inspiration and guiding light in most of his writing. Although Twain loved the river and did a great deal of traveling, he eventuallyRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1005 Words   |  5 Pages In the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn written by Mark Twain in the 19th century is about a young boy named Huck Finn and Jim, a runaway slave who go on an adventure. The two travel on a raft along the Mississippi river creating a bond and making memories. Mark Twain presents Huckleberry Finn as a dynamic character who at first views Jim as property and eventually considers Jim as a friend, showing a change in maturity. In the beginning of the book, Huck Finn clearly sees Jim as nothing more thanRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1335 Words   |  6 Pagesyear The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is placed in the top ten banned books in America. People find the novel to be oppressing and racially insensitive due to its frequent use of the n-word and the portrayal of blacks as a Sambo caricature. However, this goes against Mark Twain’s intent of bringing awareness to the racism in America. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is classified under the genre of satire and is narrated by a fictional character named Huckleberry Finn. The novelRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain810 Words   |  4 PagesBefore Mark Twain started to write two of his most famous novels, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark was known to use his characters to display his own thoughts and opinions. â€Å"This device allowed him to s ay just about anything he wanted, provided he could convincingly claim he was simply reporting what others had said.† (Twain, 1283). Mark Twain used this process to be a foundation of his lectures, by manipulating his popularly with his readers. During the story

The Retributivist Approach And Reductivist Approach On...

I am going to write an essay on the retributivist approach and reductivist approach on punishment, comparing and contrasting both theories. To start off I will talk about the retributivism theory and the belief that an offender should be punished based upon the severity of the offense. I will them move onto just deserts which Is a modern retributivist theory which only focuses on crimes that have already committed making sure individuals get there just deserts for doing wrong. Next I will write about the reductivist theory which is all about trying to deter individuals from committing a crime or reoffending. Jeremy Bentham had a huge impact on reductivism believing if pain was to outweigh pleasure then it would deter individuals and overall nobody would have the desire to commit a crime as they are aware of the consequences they would have to face. Moving on to deterrence will talk about the two different types of deterrence; individual and general deterrence. Individual deterrence f ocuses on stopping individuals from reoffending whereas general deterrence is about deterring individuals who have never even committed an offence from turning to crime. Once writing about both retributivism and reductivism I will start to compare and contrast both theories, looking at the similarities and differences. Finally I will give my own opinion on the theories and which theory I believe is best, talking about how retributivist and reductivist punishments are different and the good andShow MoreRelatedShould Punishment Be Punished For The Crime?1866 Words   |  8 PagesPunishment can be described as ‘a legally approved method designed to facilitate the task of crime control’ (Garland, 1990: 18). According to the criminal justice act 2003 the aims of punishment are to punish the offender for their wrongdoing; to reduce crime; to reform and rehabilitate offenders; to protect the public and for offenders to make amends to the person/persons affected by their offen ces. There are many philosophical justifications as to what the purpose of punishment should be. TheRead MoreA Brief Note On Criminal Justice Now And Its Impact On Offending Behavior2153 Words   |  9 PagesCRIMINAL JUSTICE NOW 1. Compare and contrast a Retributivist and a Reductivist approach to punishment. Within your answer, consider which approach is likely to have an appreciable impact upon offending behavior The reductionist technique to criminal law discipline, every so often similarly suggested as the anticipation philosophy, is a forward-looking style of control which looks to dishearten crooks from undertaking future criminal development. This is conceivable especially, where a single individual

Yog Yoga And Yoga - 1370 Words

In addition to meditation, yoga is also an important practice in Hinduism as well as in Tibetan Buddhism. Yoga is used as a means to enlightenment and has influenced other religious and spiritual practices throughout the world. The Bhagavad Gita and the Yogasutra are some of the scriptures that establish the basis for yoga. The four main types of yoga are Karma Yoga, Bhakti Yoga, Jnana Yoga and Raja Yoga. Yoga helps gain a mastery over the body and mind and can lead to the knowledge of actual reality. The ultimate goal of yoga is to attain liberation from suffering and the endless cycle of birth and death. Yoga and meditation are used together in order to achieve this liberation and one who studies yoga is referred to as a yogi. While at homestays in a village outside of Mae Rim, Thailand, I had the oppertunity to meet a man named Ajarn Penom. Penom was the husband of our Thai language teacher, Ajarn Petchara. Penom, though no longer, was ordained as a monk in the school of Theravada Buddhism when he was just a small boy. He served as a novice and then monk for ten years. One day instead of our regular language class, we were lucky enough to have Penom come into class and talk to us about Theravada Buddhism and his life as a monk. That night we had the opportunity to visit the temple of his residency, one of the most beautiful in Thailand, and participate in meditation, chanting and a walking ceremony where we circled one of the templesShow MoreRelatedYog Yoga With Mindfulness1363 Words   |  6 PagesYoga with mindfulness Yoga is a mindful physical practice that brings mindfulness to the body in movement. It also offers other health benefits such as rejuvenating the body by keeping bones, muscles, joints, organs and nerves healthy, flexible and supple. Just as in mindful sitting, mindful yoga brings awareness to your breath, thoughts, and emotions as you practice, but it also adds focus on your movement and posture so you will need to wear comfortable clothing that will not restrict yourRead MoreYog Yoga And Meditation753 Words   |  4 PagesYoga and Meditation The term â€Å"Yoga† has been derived from ye Sanskrit word, â€Å"Yuji† which means union. Through this exercise, a union of the mind and body with a sense of harmony and consciousness is achieved. Yoga is also universal. Yoga is used by many to help with health issues, and an overall feeling of wellness. Even known to help with some cancers. Yoga is not used just for religious purposes. Yoga has been said to have originated in India, before the coming of Christ. Yoga and MeditationRead MoreFive Points Of Yog Yoga Essay723 Words   |  3 PagesGi Kim PED 109-03 YOGA Carol Ennser November 3, 2014 Five Points of Yoga For this assignment, I thought I would be helpful for me to know about five points of yoga. Swami Vishnudevananda who was born in South India came up with five essential principles of doing yoga. The five points of yoga focused on mental, spiritual, and physical health: proper exercise, proper breathing, proper relaxation, proper diet, and positive thinking and meditation. I think it is important to remind myself aboutRead MoreThe Origins Of Yoga And The Second School Being Hatha Yoga2963 Words   |  12 Pagespractice of Yoga. His message permeated throughout the United States while capturing the minds of brilliant Americans such as Gertrude Stein. Vivekananda as well as the Doctrine of Yoga were a sensation, but what has become of the mystical practice known as yoga. In this paper I will discuss the origins of yoga in the West, various schools of thought associated with yoga and with a focus on two in particular: the first being Raja yoga (royal yoga) and the second school bein g Hatha yoga. Dr. John RenardRead MoreSocial Reformers of India2306 Words   |  10 PagesSwami Vivekanand: (January 12, 1863–July 4, 1902) He was the founder of Ramakrishna Mission. Vivekananda is considered to be a major force in the revival of Hinduism in modern India. He is considered a key figure in the introduction of Vedanta and Yoga in Europe and America. He introduced Hinduism at the Parliament of the World s Religions at Chicago in 1893. for main article go to Swami Dayanand Saraswati Swami Dayanand Saraswati: (February 12, 1824 – October 31, 1883) was an important HinduRead MoreManagement and Teaching Note19520 Words   |  79 PagesPatel, J; Vasanthi, V IBS Research Center, Bangalore 11pp; Teaching note 707-034-8 (16pp) 707-029-1 WAL-MART’S SUSTAINABILITY INITIATIVES Fernando, R; Bellamkonda, BK ICMR Center for Management Research 16pp; Teaching note 707-029-8 (7pp) 707-035-1 YOGA: AN UPCOMING BUSINESS IN US Thadamalla, JS; Sharma, N; Mankad, R IBS Research Center, Bangalore 17pp electronic delivery of case materials Would you and your students like faster access to case materials? ecch can deliver electronically: Case master

Teams and Groups Literature Review

Question: Discuss about theTeams and Groupsfor Literature Review. Answer: Introduction Teams and groups have for a long time characterized the formation of alliance in human beings (Whelan, 2014). The two distinct entities have allowed different entities to achieve a common goal. Although used interchangeably by most people, the aspects bring out different perspectives when used in a given context. A group is usually comprised of two or more individuals who always share common characteristics and interests and identify with each other due to these aspects (Whelan, 2014). Teams, on the other hand, comprise of different members who come together to achieve a common goal and share responsibility for the teams success (South, 2007). It is, therefore, important that one perfectly understands the difference between the two to properly incorporate their use in daily lives. Additionally, the independent concepts advanced by each aspect should also be grasped to properly implement them towards the achievement of common goals. Literature Review Teams and groups differ in several ways with regard to achievement of goals and overall targets. Teams usually have a particular task orientation which requires them to coordinate different tasks and activities to ensure achievement of the set targets and goals (Turner, 2014). However, groups do not always need to focus on specific outcomes or a common purpose when working towards a set of goals. The two concepts also differ from one another with regard to degree of interdependence where team members hugely rely on each other since they bring to bear a set of resources to produce a common outcome (Whelan, 2014). The situation is, nevertheless, different in groups as the individuals can be entirely independent from each other and not rely on the members (Brown, 2015). The aspects may also be differentiated with regard to purpose where teams usually have a set of outlaid targets and particular reasons for existence. Groups, on the other hand, exist for the sole purpose of fact. In this regard, a group may exist since its members share an ethnic or racial background The degree of formal structure may also be used to differentiate the two entities where the team members tend to have specific set of roles and duties that are clearly defined. Groups, however, do not need such formalities and roles usually do not need to be assigned (Braithwaite, 2015). The situation also includes the familiarity of members as the team members are mostly aware of each other as they regularly interact to accomplish the laid out strategies and tasks. This is different in the case of groups where the members may have personal relationships with each other or have no knowledge or interaction whatsoever (Hinds, 2015). Nevertheless, teams and groups share the same ideals with regard to management that enhances the achievement of their objectives. It is important that leaders of the respective teams and groups try to understand the different nature of the members and try to integrate them to allow achievement of overall goal (Landy Conte, 2016). The aspect will make it easy for the members to form and maintain healthy relationships which are important for the team. Additionally, the concept allows the members to develop interpersonal skills which are important especially in the case where the team wants to achieve a long term goal (Meredith, 2011). This concept, however, usually escapes most managers leading to them making wrong decisions concerning their members. One of the major problems with many managers is they attempt to manage people as if they were resources or as simply means to an end. (Reeves Read, 2013) This factor contributes negatively to the output of the members. It creates a situation where they feel as though they are other machines and equipment and the manager fails to appeal to their emotions. Research has shown that team members usually tend to be more thrilled with managers who express their interest to engage with them rather than issue out instructions in a dictatorial manner (Page, 2008). It cripples the ideals that have characterized team membership for a long time. Team membership is also characterized by aspects of delegation of duties. This is the process through which managers transfer the responsibility for a task to a subordinate with the appropriate authority to carry it. It is imperative that the team or group leader understands this concept effectively to avoid possible cases of abdicating control or losing their power to lead the members towards the common objective (Galegher et al., 2014). Therefore, the leader needs to demonstrate a complete understanding of the process through understanding what and when it is appropriate to delegate and to whom. It is also important to understand the concept of empowerment during delegation and develop strategies effective for the empowerment of the members who have been delegated the respective duties. To effectively enhance the concept, the leader should try to enable them get their work done by developing a sense of self efficacy (Dima, 2013). Additionally, there is also need to energize the people through mobilizing intrinsic excitement factors which are responsible for the overall reaction of the people involved. The varied nature of groups and teams may lead to development of corporate psychopaths who may hinder the overall objective of the people involved. They may be in the form of bullies who use intimidation, cons that exert influence or even the puppet master who are good at manipulating (Duranti et al., 2012). These distinct features of members may make it difficult to build and maintain interpersonal relationships in groups or teams. In recent times, most people have fallen prey to these psychopaths due to the distraught notion that they have feelings and care for other normal people. This, however, is not the case. They lack empathy but develop extraordinary acting skills enabling them to encourage us to empathise with them (Gibson, 2012). The difficult nature of these people may make it difficult for the team or group to withstand the test of time. They tend to be violent and rude towards other members even though they might be shown empathy. In a group setting, it is important that action is taken immediately and such people are put under medical care. The problem may arise since the individuals may not understand the consequences of their action. The Peter Principle, therefore, calls for proper guidance and counselling to allow the team achieve its targets. Diagnostic Tools Various diagnostic tools have been used over the years to help improve the relationship between members of a team or group. The Johari window has been successful in recent years due to its focus on key issues that affect the wellbeing of the people involved (Lowi Hood, 2011). It involves giving the subjects the opportunity to choose adjectives that best describe their personality. Their peers are also given these adjectives to help explain the behaviour of the subjects. In this regard, the answers are placed in four rooms; room one explains the part of ourselves that we and others see, room two is the aspects that others see yet we are not aware. Room three explains our private spaces that we tend to hide from others while the fourth room explains a part neither seen by the subjects or the peers (South, 2007). Therefore, it is important that effective measures are established to see to it that the distinctive aspects are understood and respected by each member of the group. Accordin g to Mindtools, the tool effectively assists the overall improvement of relationship between teams and groups (Whelan, 2014). It is also important that when selecting teams, one understands the effective personalities of each member to ensure that they come up with proper strategies to accommodate them. The big five personality test, therefore, comes in handy at this particular period to help the members explain their general attitudes and feelings towards each other (Milfont Sibley, 2012). The test does not include a yes or a no to ensure that the right feeling is brought out by an individual. The team leader can, consequently, use the answers to help set strategies for the betterment of the team (Komarraju et al., 2011). The test involves numbers where 1 is strongly disagree, 2 is disagree, 3 is neither agree nor disagree, 4 is agree and 5 is strongly agree (Cobb Clark, 2012). They help communicate the general thoughts of oneself as well as how they impact to other members of the team or group. The Belbin team inventory can also be used to assess the role and behaviour of an individual when in a controlled environment such as a team. It includes feedback from both the observer and the individual regarding their thoughts on the subjects behaviour at a given time (van Dierendonck Groen, 2011). The feedback generated helps classify the individuals into; coordinator, shaper, plant, monitor evaluator, implementer, resource investigator, team worker and completer finisher. Recent developments have seen the introduction of the role of the specialist to help complement the whole aspect. The method (Whelan, 2014) has, however, been criticized since it may not always guarantee accuracy especially in the cases of the overall team role of the individual at the time. There are also possibilities that the role outlined by the traits of the subject may not actually reflect the input and hard work which is actually put in place. Nevertheless, the diagnostic tool has been able to stand the test of time and enabled different individuals understand as well as appreciate their roles and that of their colleagues. Additionally, it emphasizes on the aspects of collective improvement towards a certain objective. Areas for Improvement The aspects, therefore, help point out the need to come up with effective measures which will see to it that the overall cohesion of members of a team or group is improved. There is need to develop interpersonal skills which are vital in such gatherings to further the overall goal. Additionally, it allows easy achievement of set goals and targets especially in the case where the team wants to achieve a long term goal (Beebe, 2014). The issue also lies with the need for the group leaders to effectively adopt strategies which help in the overall betterment of the group or team. Thus, relevant strategies and frameworks for approach need to be explained immediately. The aspect can be enhanced through improvement of knowledge and skills with regard to the functionalities of teams and groups. This can be improved through seminars and training programs where individuals are enlightened on the various issues and thematic concerns surrounding the concepts. It is important that experts are invited to help steer these training programs at a given time. Additionally, there should be clear cut goals, objectives and targets for each training session which should be reviewed at the end (Klitmller Lauring 2013). It helps impart the skills and knowledge that will help in the proper understanding of the concept. This is particularly important in an organization setting since there is a lot of incorporation of team work aspects. The members can also be encouraged to accept the diversity of people and, hence, develop interpersonal skills which help team build and maintain workplace relationships. Such skills are important since they help the members of the team find ways to accommodate each other to help advancement of the agenda. It is important to understand the concept of fitting in trough sacrificing or finding common avenues for interaction (Joshanloo Afshari, 2011). This may be through encouraging o team building activities which help create a bond among the members. The leaders too need to understand their roles in the team and relate with each member. They need to understand the importance of proper relationships as well as the concepts of delegation and empowerment. Moreover, the leaders need to develop strategies which accommodate the interests of all the members at the particular time. thus, the leader should first try to learn the importance and contribution of each member through the various diagnostic tools available and ensure that there is an overall understanding. The concept of trust should also be furthered by the manager to allow proper input by the employees. Conclusion Teams and groups are, hence, seen as important aspects of any institution. They help come up with effective measures which are in the interests of the people involved. It is imperative, thus, that they are taken in high regard by the society and incorporated in their activities. However, the fact that there is diversity should also be appreciated and respected. This will allow the members to develop interpersonal skills relevant to the study and the achievement of the group goals and objectives. References Beebe, S. A., Masterson, J. T. (2014).Communicating in small groups: Principles and practices. Pearson Higher Ed. 17(1), 20-40 Belbin, M. (2004). Belbin team roles.Book Belbin Team Roles. Pearson Higher Ed. 18(1), 19-24 Braithwaite, J. (2015). Bridging gaps to promote networked care between teams and groups in health delivery systems: a systematic review of non-health literature.BMJ open,5(9), e006567. Brown, A. D. (2015). Identities and identity work in organizations.International Journal of Management Reviews,17(1), 20-40. Cobb-Clark, D. A., Schurer, S. (2012). The stability of big-five personality traits.Economics Letters,115(1), 11-15. Dima, I. C., Vladutescu, S. (2013). Certain Current Considerations on the Managerial Communication in Organizations. Pearson Higher Ed. 17(3), 10-40 Duranti, C. M., de Almeida, F. C. (2012). Is more technology better for communication in international virtual teams?.International Journal of e-Collaboration (IJeC),8(1), 36-52. Galegher, J., Kraut, R. E., Egido, C. (2014).Intellectual teamwork: Social and technological foundations of cooperative work. Psychology Press. 8(1), 36-52 Gibson, M. F. (2012). Opening up: Therapist self-disclosure in theory, research, and practice.Clinical Social Work Journal,40(3), 287-296. Hinds, P. (2015). Teams and groups.Wiley Encyclopedia of Management. 8(1), 36-52 Joshanloo, M., Afshari, S. (2011). Big Five personality traits and self-esteem as predictors of life satisfaction in Iranian Muslim university students.Journal of Happiness Studies,12(1), 105-113. Klitmller, A., Lauring, J. (2013). When global virtual teams share knowledge: Media richness, cultural difference and language commonality.Journal of World Business,48(3), 398-406. Komarraju, M., Karau, S. J., Schmeck, R. R., Avdic, A. (2011). The Big Five personality traits, learning styles, and academic achievement.Personality and individual differences journal,51(4), 472-477. Landy, F. J., Conte, J. M. (2016).Work in the 21st Century, Binder Ready Version: An Introduction to Industrial and Organizational Psychology. John Wiley Sons. 17(3), 20-40 Meredith Belbin, R. (2011). Management teams: Why they succeed or fail.Human Resource Management International Digest,19(3). 16(1), 10-20 Milfont, T. L., Sibley, C. G. (2012). The big five personality traits and environmental engagement: Associations at the individual and societal level.Journal of Environmental Psychology,32(2), 187-195. Lowy, A., Hood, P. (2011).The power of the 2 x 2 matrix: Using 2 x 2 thinking to solve business problems and make better decisions. John Wiley Sons. 2(1), 8-11 Page, S. E. (2008).The difference: How the power of diversity creates better groups, firms, schools, and societies. Princeton University Press. Reeves, B., Read, J. L. (2013).Total engagement: How games and virtual worlds are changing the way people work and businesses compete. Harvard Business Press. South, B. (2007). Combining mandala and the Johari Window: An exercise in self-awareness.Teaching and Learning in Nursing,2(1), 8-11. Turner, M. E. (2014).Groups at work: Theory and research. Psychology Press. van Dierendonck, D., Groen, R. (2011). Belbin revisited: A multitraitmultimethod investigation of a team role instrument.European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology,20(3), 345-366. Wheelan, S. A. (2014).Creating effective teams: A guide for members and leaders. Sage Publications.

Cyber Criminology Exploring Internet Crimes and Criminal Behavior by K. Jaishankar Example For Students

Cyber Criminology: Exploring Internet Crimes and Criminal Behavior by K. Jaishankar Almost everyone everywhere in the world has either used or owned a computer. If there was an Internet connection, then they have all been connected together across that medium. But when you are just browsing the Internet or looking at your choice of social media site, did you know that you are getting attacked by some sort of malware or could be verbally assaulted by an individual? In Cyber Criminology: Exploring Internet Crimes and Criminal Behavior by K. Jaishankar, he describes all the ways people across the world are attacked everyday by some sort of malware or by an individual, such as a pedophile. Certain topics that will be discussed are subcultures in cyberspace, types of hackers/crackers, virtual sex offenders along with pedophiles, digital piracy, cyber victimization, and legal circumstances that occur when cyber crimes have been committed. We will dive deep into the secrets behind these attacks, the reasons for them, and statistics taken from researchers to show who commit s these crimes and why they did so. In the first section of Cyber Criminology, is the subject matter of individuals going away from acceptable standards of what one normal person would take and the subculture behind these people in cyberspace. The Internet is used for personal gains or destruction of others by people described as hackers, web criminals, and cyber fraudsters. One particular type of individuals who do this that were taken in a study are people from Nigeria, and are known by the name of yahooboys (Adeniran Jaishankar, 2011, p. 4). Yahooboys consists of mainly young boys and girls whom use the Internet to partake in criminal activity (Adeniran Jaishankar, 2011, p. 4). Some of the criminal activities they try to accomplish are scams, selling false goods or services, and hacking into people’s accounts and computers (Adeniran Jaishankar, 2011, p. 4). As described by Jaishankar and Adeniran, â€Å"the yahooboys do all of these criminal activities as a cafà © culture† (Adeniran Jaishankar, 20 11, p. 4). Poverty is very high in Nigeria, so these yahooboys seek to spend their lives online in order to con or trick people in order to make an income for themselves so they can try to escape poverty in their country/village (Adeniran Jaishankar, 2011, p. 4-5). The three main aspects that effect the growth and population of yahooboyism are the political government, the economics, and social factors of Nigeria (Adeniran Jaishankar, 2011, p. 4-5). The political government in Nigeria is very corrupt, which makes it hard for the individuals who live there to make money for themselves in order to get out of poverty. The economics and social features fall hand in hand with the corrupted political government, for it is hard to get a country together and growing when the government is trying to overrun all the people with its power to become unstoppable. With the government being corrupted as it is, this would lead the people to think that â€Å"cafà © culture† would be acceptable and allows more and more people in Nigeria to join into this lifestyle of Internet hacking/scams (Adeniran Jaishankar, 2011, p. 5-6). In order to fix this, the government needs to improve regulations on the Internet, they need to make special programs/activities for the youth to keep them off the Internet, and to give unemployment checks in order to make corruption and hacking unattractive (Adeniran Jaishankar, 2011, p. 11-12). One form of Internet crime does not involve hacking/cracking, but has to deal with people using the Internet to seek sexual contact with children. These people are known as child predators, or on the web they are known as â€Å"travelers† (Young Jaishankar, 2011, p. 53). Jaishankar and Young stated that the FBI states, â€Å"They open six new cases for child predators every week. There is an offender arrested everyday in the United States and most offenders are in the upper-income class and are law abiding citizens (except in this case of being accused of being a child predator)† (Young Jaishankar, 2011, p. 53-54). In a study of people convicted of being a child predator, the individuals did not have a criminal record or sexual history with children (Young Jaishankar, 2011, p.56). In this study, the following results were achieved: Clients ages ranged from 34-48, 58 percent were white-collar workers, 17 percent were blue-collar workers, 15 percent were unemployed, and 10 percent were on disability (Young Jaishankar, 2011, p. 56). The study showed that at the time of arrest of these child predators that the following information was obtained from them: 47 percent had depression or anxiety, 39 percent had alcoholism or drug dependence, 19 percent had a sex addiction, and 10 percent had a history of sexual abuse (Young Jaishankar, 2011, p. 56). With ch ild predators comes child pornography on the Internet. Child pornography is becoming more known and more wide spread on the Internet today for the fact that it is harder to catch who is putting up the pictures of the children and who is viewing them. Now they have these online communities where people can get on to talk about or to children in a sexual way and get away with it. They can get away with it for the fact that they have this â€Å"wall† of a computer screen to hide behind, and also these communities can say they are just pretend and it is all just a fantasy, not real life because users have to verify they are 18 years or older to be on the site (Young Jaishankar, 2011, p. 62). Thus it is becoming harder to convict many child predators online, unless they can get concrete evidence of them trying to meet a person under the age of 18 years. To go back and describe people using the Internet for their own personal and financial gains, the best members of this are known as â€Å"hackers† and â€Å"crackers.† The bad hackers are more known for being called crackers than hackers. Bad hackers see themselves as gifted people and do the things they do because they were bad people since they were children (Turgeman-Goldschmidt Jaishankar, 2011, p. 40-41). They do not always want to take something for someone, sometimes they just like to show off their computer hacking skills or do what the government won’t to some individuals (Turgeman-Goldschmidt Jaishankar, 2011, p. 41-42). Such as doing a denial of service attack to someone that is corrupt because the government will not do anything about it so they feel like they are doing a duty for the country. Some bad hackers are sometimes called phreaks or pirates. Phreaks are hackers who acquire someone else’s credit card number or they use technology to a void getting charged for long-distance calls (Turgeman-Goldschmidt Jaishankar, 2011, p. 32). Pirates are people who illegally acquire and distribute copyrighted software. The good hackers are known simply as hackers; at least they were when that was a job back a few years ago. The older/good hackers hacked into systems in order to see the weak points, then letting the company know so they can make their systems better for their users (Turgeman-Goldschmidt Jaishankar, 2011, p. 38-39). In a study of good hackers, the following information was obtained: Many were young, educated, single, earning above-average income, and where of either European or American origin (Turgeman-Goldschmidt Jaishankar, 2011, p.35). Not all good hackers did this as a job and a source of income, rather some of them did it as a hobby and for the greater good of others (Turgeman-Goldschmidt Jaishankar, 2011, p. 39). Tony Kushner: Angels In America EssayWhen you go back to the â€Å"big picture† of cyber crime, it truly affects everyone that has a computer and an Internet connection. Out of most of the individuals who get hacked, the most affected are banking and financial industries, where computers send and receive funds/business transactions daily (Choi Jaishankar, 2011, p.230). There would be more evidence and studies on how to help stop certain attacks, but most attacks go undetected or are not reported at all (Choi Jaishankar, 2011, p.230). Crimes on a computer can be separated into two different categories: cyber crime and computer crime. Cyber crime is a crime that involves computers and networks and does not rely solely on computers (Choi Jaishankar, 2011, p.230). Computer crime is when a hacker requires no special computer skills; they can go through either chat-rooms, MSN, or email. All they need to do is to gain your trust or trick you to get towards your valuable informat ion for their own personal gains (Choi Jaishankar, 2011, p.230). There is another subject of cyber crime which is similar to an online predator, but not quite in the same category. They are called Internet Stalkers, and are becoming more and more relevant with social media sites becoming more popular. But there is something called the Routine Activities Theory, in which three elements must be present in order for a crime to occur. The three elements are as follows: exposure to motivated offenders, a suitable target, and lack of capable guardianship, all of these are tested to see if children are safe online (Marcum Jaishankar, 2011, p.254). In most cases, the person is contacted with unwanted conversation, in which makes the individual uncomfortable and violated (Marcum Jaishankar, 2011, p.254). These Internet stalkers can also become Internet bullies and harass an individual for whatever reason they seek. With all of this going on for an individual, the victim may fear to go online again or to even go out in public if they feel their life is in danger. There has been an attempt to make cyber bullying and cyber stalking illegal under the Stalking and Domestic Violence Act that was initiated in Reno of the year 1999 (Pittaro Jaishankar, 2011, p.295). Hopefully in the future all people will stop with the cyber stalking and bullying since it is a form of harassment and can be punishable under law. The last section of Cyber Criminology writes of where cyber crimes are saw as a good thing for a person’s country. Then there is a part of human rights infringement in the new digital era of today. In Islam, they stated that cyber vandalism is religiously permitted because it can be used as a weapon against the enemy of Islam who are defaming Islam, the prophet Mohammad, and Muslims (Maghaireh Jaishankar, 2011, p.347). There have been websites created for the greater good of Islam in which they teach hacking techniques to Muslim youths (Maghaireh Jaishankar, 2011, p.356). Since Islam is supportive of Muslims using the Internet as a potential weapon, more and more Muslim youths commit cyber vandalism which is giving them a bad reputation on the Internet across the whole world (Maghaireh Jaishankar, 2011, p.356). With things like this and other cyber terrorism/crimes going on around the world, there are people who scope the Internet looking for potential law breakers. Advance s in information and communication technology have helped with the involvement of prevention and detection of crime either being committed or about to be committed (Smith Jaishankar, 2011, p.393). These new advancement have helped with investigations, prosecution, and the punishments of crimes to law breaking individuals from across the world (Smith Jaishankar, 2011, p.393). Some are asking whether this is an infringement to our human rights that they are invading our privacy in order to see if anyone is committing a crime. Many authorities use this technology to identify suspects and risks online, to present clear evidence in courtrooms, and to monitor offenders who are under home detention (Smith Jaishankar, 2011, p.394). What many people look at is that the ability of individuals to monitor their computer usage creates multiple human rights concerns, which include violation to their human freedom, freedom of thought and expression, and the main one is the right to privacy (Smi th Jaishankar, 2011, p.398). Many may be shown that whatever they put on the Internet is considered to be in the public domain and viewable by everyone, but what to be sought after in the future is whether what you search and look at should be able to be seen by others. In conclusion, Cyber Criminology: Exploring Internet Crimes and Criminal Behavior goes over many different aspects of what could possibly go wrong with law breakers and law abiding citizens on the Internet. Different things can happen to you or others on the Internet, such as criminal subcultures/hacking in cyberspace, child predators, digital piracy, and cyber stalking/bullying. All of these things make the Internet a scary and dangerous place to be for individuals. With that, I agree with what many associations, like the MPAA, RIAA, and NSA, are doing in order to try to make the Internet a safer place for people across the world. While some of it may be an invasion to privacy, in the end picture they are just trying to help make the real world and cyber world a safer place for everyone. This in which is the Act-Utilitarianism ethical way of thinking for wanting the greater good for all the people. Jaishankar goes over many different researches that have been done to see what type o f people commit what type of cyber crime and with many more researches like this, we can hopefully narrow down who might be the next criminal on the Internet before they even commit the crime. Everything that Jaishankar is going over in this book shows that you need to be careful online and never trust everything you see at first glance. The Internet can be a dark place with many criminals hiding behind screens, so whenever you suspect something is wrong, either get off the computer or alert the proper authorities so they can look into the matter. This way you can help yourself and others on the Internet and help it be a safer place against cyber criminals. Works Cited Young, K., Jaishankar, K. (2011). Cyber Criminology: Exploring Internet Crimes and Criminal Behavior. Boca Raton, Florida: Taylor Francis Group.